采用大田试验研究生物炭对郑单958产量和不同生育时期根系生长、形态特征及生理特性的影响,明确生物炭对玉米根系与产量的效应,探明生物炭在玉米生产上应用的潜力与价值。结果表明,土壤中施入生物炭能增加玉米根系的总根长、根体积和根干重,提高玉米根系总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积。在玉米生育后期,生物炭在一定程度上延缓了根系衰老,成熟期施生物炭处理根系活力分别比对照高48.12%和42.71%;同时维持了较为适宜的根冠比,根系生理功能增强;添加生物炭后郑单958最高产量达12 076.35 kg/hm²,比对照增产10.23%,具体表现为穗长、穗行数、行粒数和百粒重的提高。

In order to ascertain the effects of biochar on maize root systems and yield, exploring the potentials and values of biochar applied in maize production. Field experiment was adopted to research the effects of biochar on yield and root growth, morphological, physiological characteristics in different growth stages of the variety Zhengdan958. The result showed that soil with biochar could increase total root length, root volume and dry weight of maize root system, enhance total absorption area and active absorption area of maize root system. At the later period of maize growth, biochar could delay senescence processes of root system to some extent. Root activities of two treatments with biochar were higher than contrast with 48.12% and 42.71% respectively at mature stage. Biochar can also maintain appropriate root shoot ratio, strengthen root physiological function. Biochar made the yield as high as 12 076.35 kg/ha, higher than contrast by 10.23% because of the increase of ear length, ear rows, grains per row, and 100-grain weight.

国家科技计划课题(2013BAD07B03)、国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD01B01)