通过对中美玉米生产成本与结构的系统比较研究，表明我国玉米竞争力低下、单位产品成本高且持续上升的主要原因是人工成本居高不下，机械化没有实现机械对劳动的完全替代。因此，通过发展全程机械化和管理性服务、实质性减少人工投入数量是降低生产成本的可行方案。提出优化玉米科技研发方向、促进全程机械化连片作业、发展管理性服务组织等玉米生产节本技术与相关制度。

In this paper, through the systematic comparison of corn production cost and cost structure between China and the United States, it is found that the main reason of low competitiveness and the high unit product cost is mainly due to the high labor cost and the failure to achieve perfect substitutability of machinery to labor. Therefore, it is a feasible solution to reduce production costs by developing full mechanization and management services to substantially reduce the number of manual inputs. Finally, the proposals for corn production cost-saving technology and related institutional options were put forward, such as optimizing corn technology R&D direction, promoting full mechanized contiguous operations, and developing management service organizations

国家玉米产业技术体系项目“玉米产业经济与政策研究”（NYCYTX-02）、国家社会科学基金（14ZDA038）、国家自然科学基金（71573133）、江苏省高校现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心项目