以18个鲜食玉米品种为试验材料，针对寒地西部半干旱地区的气候条件，研究不同类型鲜食玉米子粒鲜食期的营养成分的积累动态及品质变化。结果表明，鲜食玉米灌浆期子粒的可溶性糖、粗淀粉、蛋白质、子粒含水率和维C含量在不同灌浆期、不同品种间差异极显著。随着子粒的发育，不同类型鲜食玉米品种的可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白含量和子粒含水率呈下降趋势，粗淀粉含量呈上升趋势，维C含量呈先上升后下降的动态曲线变化。根据鲜食玉米营养成分与品质的关系，通过子粒含水率结合蛋白质含量和粗淀粉含量确定糯玉米的最佳采收期，子粒含水率结合可溶性糖含量和维C含量确定甜玉米的最佳采收期。

Based on 18 fresh-eating maize varieties, we study the dynamics and quality of nutritional components accumulated in the kernels of maize at different filling stages in Heilongjiang province, China. Simultaneously, the physical and chemical indices of suitable harvest time for different types of fresh maize varieties were determined. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugar, crude starch, protein, water content and vitamin C in the kernel of fresh-eating maize at grain filling stage were significantly different among different varieties and at different grain filling stages. The starch content showed a rising trend, while the change of vitamin C showed a dynamic curve that was first increased and then decreased. According to the relationship between nutritional components and nutritional quality of fresh maize, grain water content combined with protein and crude starch contents could be used as the indices of suitable harvest period of waxy maize, and grain water content combined with soluble sugar and vitamin C contents could be used as the best indices of the harvesting period of sweet maize.

S513.01

国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0300502，2018YFD0300101）、国家科技支撑计划项目（2015BAD23B05-04）