以365份遗传背景丰富的玉米自交系为材料，采用自主研发的55K芯片，在海南三亚、河南新乡和北京顺义3个环境下对玉米自交系株高进行全基因组关联分析（Genome-wide association study，GWAS）。结果表明，株高在3个环境下变异非常丰富，有从低纬度到高纬度逐渐增加的趋势，株高在基因型、环境、基因型与环境互作方面均达极显著差异水平。全基因组关联分析表明，不同环境下均检测到与株高显著关联的位点，在第1、3、5、6、7、8号染色体上均发现了显著关联的SNP。新乡和顺义环境下，在bin5.05区段发现了显著关联的SNP；三亚和顺义环境下，在bin6.05区段发现了显著关联的SNP。对关联分析显著的SNP位点比对到B73参考基因组上，在maizeGDB网站上得到22个最可能的候选基因，为探索玉米株高遗传机制提供参考。

Genome-wide association study(GWAS) was conducted on inbred maize lines with 365 inbred maize lines with rich genetic background. The results showed that plant height was highly variable in three environments, with a trend of increasing gradually from low latitude to high latitude. Plant height was significantly different in genotype, environment, genotype, and environment interaction. Genome-wide association analysis showed that significant sites associated with plant height were detected under different environments, and significant SNPS were found on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8. Under the environment of Xinxiang and Shunyi, significant SNP was found in bin5.05, while under the environment of Sanya and Shunyi, significant SNP was found in bin6.05. The significant SNP loci of association analysis were compared to the B73 reference genome, and the 22 most likely candidate genes were obtained on the maize GDB website, which provided an important reference for exploring the genetic mechanism of maize plant height.

国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0101201，2017YFD0101201）、中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程行动（CAAS-XTCX2016009）