西南玉米区是我国三大玉米主产区之一,分别占全国玉米总面积、总产量的30%左右.但该区玉米育种和生产用种同样存在着较为严重的种质基础狭窄的问题,潜伏着玉米病虫害的大流行和大暴发的巨大危机,同时狭窄的种质基础还导致了玉米产量水平徘徊不前.本文重点回顾了近年来西南玉米区种质利用现状及在地方种质、野生种质、杂种优势群和杂种优势模式方面的研究进展,同时针对在玉米种质利用和研究中存在的问题,从种质扩增、改良和创新等几个方面提出了几点改进意见。

Southwest lnaize zone is one of the largest lnaize zone of China．Accounting fnr about 30％of total area and total output of the nation. But the distinct also has the serious problem of narrow germplasm basic in maizebreeding and in hybrid．Moreover narrow germplasm basic ofen results in the massive outbreak of pest In the sametime，narrow germplasm basic also leads to the maize output level without advance. So the article emphasized onintroducing，utilizing present situation and study advances on local germplasm，wild germplasm，hetemsis group，andheterotic pattern of Southwest maize zone in recont years and brouyht out several improved advices aimed atquestions of germplasm utilization and research in the region including germplasm enlargement，germplasmimprovement and germplasm innovation ere.