[关键词]
[摘要]
总结粮饲兼用型、多叶型和棕色中脉型3种类型青贮玉米杂交种的特点。介绍青贮玉米产量和饲料营养价值的评价指标和方法,比较不同类型的青贮玉米种质资源的饲料营养价值和目前美国市场上最新的青贮玉米杂交种的农艺性状和品质性状。2010年美国德克萨斯州青贮玉米区域参试杂交种生物产量和干物质产量分别达78210kg/hm2和27 370 kg/hm2,淀粉含量平均为40.9%,中性洗涤纤维平均36.4%,总可消耗营养平均为75%
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Maize silage is an important source of forage. Superior hybrids should yield well, have high silage quality, and be adapted to local environments. Dual-type hybrids can be used for grain and silage production. They are usually taller and later in maturity and have a higher percentage of tropical germplasm than the typical temperate grain hybrids. Leafy hybrids have 9 - 12 leaves above the top ear due to a dominant gene(Lfy1). They usually have tall flexible stalks, thinner stalk rinds, wider leaves, soft and white cobs, and softer kernels. Silage-specific brown midrib hybrids have higher silage digestibility. Breeding for brown midrib hybrids takes more efforts because brown midrib trait is recessive and the two parent lines must be homozygous for a particular recessive gene. In 2010, the Texas state silage maize performance tests involved 28 hybrids at Halfway and 33 hybrids at Etter. The top yielding hybrid produced 78 210 kg/ha of silage yield and 27 370 kg/ha of dry matter. Silage quality was assayed with the NIR method. The tested hybrids had, on average based on the dry matter, 40.9% starch, 36.4% NDF, and 75% TDN.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家“十一五”科技攻关计划子课题(2006BAD13B03)、农业部玉米产业技术体系(nycytx-02)、四川省“十一五”育种攻关项目