采用盆栽试验,系统聚类分析我国北方高产春玉米高产40个品种,分钾高效型(I)、钾中效型(II)及钾低效型(III),II型品种最多(57.5%),III型品种次之(25%),I型品种最少(17.5%).3个类型品种子粒的钾素含量以钾低效型品种最高,钾高效型品种最低;子粒的钾素积累分配以钾高效型品种最高,钾低效型品种最低.根茎叶的钾含量及钾素积累量在开花期和成熟期无显著差异;成熟期茎秆的钾素分配比例以钾高效型品种最高(p<0.05),钾中效型和钾低效型品种无显著差异.钾高效型品种的钾素干物质生产效率、钾偏生产力、钾收获指数、钾转移量和钾转移效率显著高于其他2类型品种.相关和通径分析表明,钾素干物质生产效率和粒重与钾素子粒生产效率显著相关.

Forty maize hybrids with high-yielding potential in the north of China currently were analyzed by system cluster analysis in the pots experiment. And the type I was high efficiency, the type II was moderate efficiency, the type III was low efficiency, respectively. The ratio of type II was 57.5%, the highest among these 3 types, but type I was only 17.5% lower than type III(25%). The grain potassium content of type III was the highest among these 3 types, and the lowest in type I. The grain potassium accumulation and distribution of type I were the highest among these 3 types, and the lowest in type III. For these three-type maize hybrids, potassium content and potassium accumulation of root, stalks and leaves were not different significantly at flowering stage and maturity stage. At maturity stage, the potassium distributions to stalks of type I were the highest(p<0.05), but not different significantly between type II and type III. Accordingly, the potassium dry matter production efficiency(KDMPE), potassium harvest index(KHI), potassium partial productivity(KFP), potassium transportation amount(KTA), transportation efficiency(KTE) of type I were significantly higher than type II and III in this trial. Furthermore, correlation and path analysis provided that KDMPE and grain weight were significantly correlated to KGPE.

国家自然科学基金项目(31201159)、国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B10,2012BAD04B02,2013BAD07B02)、国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS02-17)、吉林省科技发展计划(20130522077JH)