在大田条件下研究4种栽培方式(农户习惯、高产高效、高产、保产增效)产量构成、干物质及氮、磷、钾的累积转运特征.结果表明,高产栽培方式下产量最高,为11 135.8 kg/hm²,较农户习惯增产112.7%.高产高效栽培方式下玉米生育后期子粒干物质分配比例高于其他3种栽培方式;成熟期后高产栽培方式下氮素子粒分配比例最高,保产增效栽培方式下磷素子粒分配比例最高.农户习惯栽培方式下子粒氮、磷、钾累积量与转运量显著低于其他3种栽培方式.高产高效栽培方式下子粒氮、磷、钾累积量最大,氮、磷、钾转运量保产增效栽培方式下最大.高产高效栽培方式下子粒中钾的累积比例显著低于氮、磷,其钾转运贡献率比氮、磷转运贡献率高20%~200%.

To investigate characteristics of nutrient accumulations and distributions of spring maize in semi-arid area of Jilin province, a field experiment was conducted with four cultivation modes(traditional farming practices, high yield and efficiency, high yield, high yield and steady efficiency) and grain yields and its components, dry matters, N, P, and K accumulation and distribution were analyzed. The results showed that the highest yield was 11135.8 kg/ha under the high yield conditions and increased by 112.7% than traditional farming practices. Three conditions of total dry matter and nutrient accumulation were significantly higher than traditional farming practices. The N, P, K accumulation and transfer amounts in traditional farming practices treatment was significantly lower than that in other treatments. The percentage of potassium accumulation in grain was significantly lower than that of nitrogen, phosphorus under high yield and steady efficiency conditions, but potassium transport contribution higher 20%-200% than P, K.

国家科技支撑课题(2012BAD04B02,2013BAD07B02,2011BAD16B10)、公益性行业专项(201103003)、吉林省科技支撑重大专项(20126026)、现代农作物种业发展专项资金项目(玉米、大豆、抗旱鉴定标准制定)