玉米茎秆性状显著影响玉米耐密抗倒性，探明影响贵州春玉米茎秆性状的主要气象因子及其影响程度，为贵州耐密抗倒春玉米布局及高产栽培调控提供科学依据。在贵州5个玉米亚区以先玉1171、新中玉801、金玉838和兴玉3号4个玉米品种为试材，通过灰色关联度、相关分析等方法研究主要气象因子与玉米茎秆性状的关系。结果表明，有效积温对压折强度和纤维素的含量影响最大，当有效积温分别为1293.82℃·d和1470.10℃·d时，压折强度和纤维素达到最大值，分别为296.64N和21.92%；日照时数对节间长度和扁率的影响最大，当日照时数分别为638.55h和752.14h时，节间长度达到最大值和扁率达到最小值，分别为16.50cm和0.092。日均温和降水量分别对穿刺强度和横截面积的影响最大，当日均温为19.23℃·d时穿刺强度达到最小值，为32.53N，降水量为819.01mm时横截面积达到最小值，为4.03cm2。日平均风速对茎秆特性指标的影响均最小。温度和降水量对茎秆力学特性和纤维组织成分影响较大，而茎秆的形态特性则受光照影响较多。气象因子对玉米茎秆特性的影响为：有效积温>日均温>降水量>日照时数>日平均风速。影响贵州不同生态亚区茎秆特性的主要气象因子为温度和降水量。

The main meteorological factors influencing the stem traits of Spring Maize in Guizhou Province and their influence degree were explored, which provided scientific basis for the layout and high-yield cultivation regulation of Guizhou spring maize. Four maize varieties Xianyu 1171, xinzhongyu 801, Jinyu 838 and Xingyu 3 were used as test materials in five maize sub regions of Guizhou Province. The relationship between main meteorological factors and maize stalk traits was studied by means of grey correlation degree and correlation analysis. The results showed that the effective accumulated temperature had the greatest influence on the bending strength and cellulose content. When the effective accumulated temperature was 1293.82 ℃·D and 1470.10℃·D, the maximum values of the bending strength and cellulose were 296.64N and 21.92%, respectively; the sunshine hours had the greatest influence on the length and flattening ratio of internode. When the sunshine hours were 638.55h and 752.14h, the internode length and flattening ratio reached the maximum 50 cm and 0. 092 respectively. The daily average temperature and precipitation had the greatest impact on the puncture intensity and cross-sectional area respectively. When the average temperature was 19.23℃·D, the puncture intensity reached the minimum value, which was 32.53N. When the precipitation was 819.01mm, the cross-sectional area reached the minimum value, which was 4.03cm2.

国家重点研发计划粮食丰产增效科技创新专项（2016YFD0300307）；