[关键词]
[摘要]
研究不同土壤耕作方式对玉米根系形态及根系抗倒伏性能的变化的影响,对于选择和制定合适的土壤耕作方式至关重要。本研究通过云南典型的红壤坡耕地对土壤实施了深松+旋耕15cm(SRT)、深松+免耕(SNT)、深松+翻耕20 cm(SP1)、深松+翻耕30 cm(SP2)、旋耕15cm(RT)、免耕(NT)、翻耕20cm(P1)和翻耕30cm(P2)8种耕作方式对玉米的根系根条数、根直径、入土角度、根幅、生物量及根系抗拔力等的影响。结果表明:翻耕20cm处理和深松能增加玉米根条数、根系入土角度和10cm土层处根系生长幅度,增大根系生物量,尤其是深层土壤(20~30cm)根系生物量,同时对玉米产量也具有提高作用;翻耕30cm和深松处理能增大根系的垂直抗拔力。因此土壤通过深耕处理能改善玉米根系构型和分布的作用,进而增强玉米根系抗倒伏能力。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
The study of the effects of different soil tillage practices on the variation of root morphology and root resistance in maize is crucial for the selection and development of appropriate soil tillage practices. In this study, the root system of maize (Zea mays) was studied in a typical red soil slope in Yunnan province using eight tillage practices: deep loosening + 15 cm rotational tillage (SRT), deep loosening + no-tillage (SNT), deep loosening + 20 cm tillage (SP1), deep loosening + 30 cm tillage (SP2), 15 cm rotational tillage (RT), no-tillage (NT), 20 cm tillage (P1), and 30 cm tillage (P2). The effects of root number, root diameter, soil entry angle, root amplitude, biomass and root uprooting resistance were investigated. The results showed that the 20-cm tillage and deep loosening could increase the number of roots, root entry angle and root growth at the 10-cm soil level, increase root biomass, especially at the deep soil level (20-30 cm), and improve the yield of maize; the 30-cm tillage and deep loosening could increase the vertical root resistance.Tilling and deep loosening can increase the vertical resistance of the roots. Soil tillage can improve the configuration and distribution of maize roots and thus enhance the ability of maize roots to resist failure.
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[基金项目]
云南省现代农业玉米产业技术体系建设(2016KJTX002);绿色新型饲料与养殖产业化关键技术研究与示范(2019ZG00902)。