[关键词]
[摘要]
针对内蒙古春玉米产区耕层土壤质量下降,土壤容重增加,土壤保水蓄水能力下降,以及作物水分利用效率降低等问题,本试验以先玉335为供试材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为深松季节,分别为春季深松(SS)及秋季深松(AS),副区为深松深度,分别为30 cm、40 cm、50 cm,以春季浅旋(CK)为对照。在春玉米生育期内,对土壤含水量、土壤容重、土壤三相比等指标进行测定,于成熟收获期测产并计算水分利用效率。试验结果表明:深松能够增高土壤的保水蓄水能力,土默川平原灌区春季深松处理下,土壤含水量较对照提升5.23%-7.89%,秋季深松处理下,土壤含水量较对照提升6.32%-9.89%;河套平原灌区春季深松处理下,土壤含水量较对照提升3.23%-5.71%,秋季深松处理下,土壤含水量较对照提升4.86%-7.34%。深松能有效地降低土壤容重,土默川平原灌区春季深松处理土壤容重较对照降低2.42%-11.52%,秋季深松处理,土壤容重较对照降低1.21%-9.71%,河套平原灌区春季深松(SS)土壤容重较对照降低1.24%-8.33%,秋季深松(AS)土壤容重较对照降低0.61%-6.92%。深松措施可以较为明显地提升春玉米产量及籽粒水分利用效率,土默川平原灌区春玉米产量提升7.84%-22.68%,玉米籽粒水分利用效率提升4.31%-25.32%,河套平原灌区产量提升7.73%-23.92%,玉米籽粒水分利用效率提升6.06%-29.63%。由此可见,秋季深松对土壤贮水性能改善效果优于春季深松,相同深松季节下,随着深松深度由30cm向50cm加深,土壤贮水性能及春玉米籽粒产量提高程度逐渐加强,本文供试深松模式中,推荐秋季深松50 cm为最合理深松模式。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
In view of the problems of soil quality decline, soil bulk density increase, soil water conservation and storage capacity decline, and crop water use efficiency decrease in Inner Mongolia, the experiment of soil characteristics and maize growth response mechanism to deep subsoiling was conduct in the main maize produce area Tumote plain irrigation area and Hetao plain irrigation area in Inner Mongolia by the method of split zone design. The main trial factor is the deep subsoiling period with two level-spring deep subsoiling (SS) and autumn deep subsoiling (AS), the sub trial factor is the subsoiling depth with three level-30cm,40cm and 50cm. taking Xianyu 335 as trialing material and spring rotary tillage 15cm as check. The response of soil bulk density, soil three-phase ratio, spring maize yield and grain water use efficiency to subsoiling period and subsoiling depth were researched by measuring soil moisture content, soil bulk density, soil three-phase ratio, spring maize yield and grain water use efficiency in 2018-2019. The result shows that soil moisture conservation capacity increased by deep subsoil. In Tumote plain irrigation area, the soil moisture increased 5.23%-7.89% to ck in spring subsoiling treatment, and 6.32%-9.89% to ck in autumn subsoiling treatment. In Hetao plain irrigation area, the soil moisture increased 3.23%-5.71% to ck in spring subsoiling treatment and 4.86%-7.34% to ck in Hetao plain irrigation area. Soil bulk density declined by deep subsoil. In Tumote plain irrigation area, the soil bulk density declined 2.42%-11.52% to ck in spring subsoil, and 1.21%-9.71% to ck in autumn subsoil. In Hetao plain irrigation area, the soil bulk density declined 1.24%-8.33% to ck in spring subsoil treatment, and 0.61%-6.92% to ck in autumn subsoil treatment. Subsoil treatment can improve the yield and water use efficiency of maize significantly. In Tumote plain irrigation area, the maize yield increased by 7.84%-22.68% to ck, the water use efficiency increased by 4.31%-25.32% to ck due to subsoiling treatment, in Hetao plain irrigation area, the maize yield increased by 7.73%-23.92% to ck, the water use efficiency increased by 6.06%-29.63% to ck due to subsoiling treatment. The conclusion can be drew that the result of autumn subsoiling is better than spring subsoiling treatment in Tumote and Hetao plain irrigation area, in the same subsoiling season, the degree of yield improving and soil moisture conservation capacity increase enhanced with the depth of subsoiling deepen from 30cm to 50cm. In the trialing treatment combination, the best is autumn subsoiling with the depth of 50cm.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)