[关键词]
[摘要]
摘要:探索氮肥一次性供给,对寒地春玉米生长发育、籽粒产量和品质的调控机制,并进一步明确一次性施肥在春玉米生产效益上的效用。本研究于2017、2018年以高产玉米品种德美亚3号为试验材料,研究了两种氮肥施用方式(NP:传统分期施肥;N0.8-1.2:氮肥一次性基施)、7个施氮量(N0.0:0kg/hm2、N0.8:141.6 kg/hm2、N0.9:159.3 kg/hm2、N1.0:177 kg/hm2、N1.1:194.7 kg/hm2、N1.2:212.4 kg/hm2、NP:177 kg/hm2)处理研究其对春玉米地上部分农艺性状特征、籽粒品质、产量及生产效益的影响。结果表明,增加氮肥的供给显著改善玉米植株的农艺性状,适宜氮素供给地上部低位节间机械强度显著提高,产量及蛋白质含量和生产效益显著提高,这主要得益于适宜氮素供给调控下,显著改善植株的生长环境条件,氮素营养供给的时间和供给量与需求相匹配,提高地上低位节间的机械强度,倒伏率显著下降。改变传统的分期施肥为一次性缓释氮肥基施供给,施肥量在原施肥量的90%以上,协调了氮素营养的供给与需求,显著提高地上部低位节间机械强度,产量和生产效益显著增加,年公顷可实现经济效益2000元以上。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Abstract: To explore the regulation mechanism of single basal supply of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and development, grain yield and quality with the high-yield maize variety “Demeiya 3” as the experimental material in cold region from 2017 to 2018, then to clarify the effect of single basal fertilization on the production efficiency of spring maize. A field experiment was conducted on 2 nitrogen application methods (Np: traditional stage fertilization; N0.8-1.2: single basal nitrogen application) 7 nitrogen application rates (N0.0: 0kg/hm2、N0.8: 141.6 kg/hm2、N0.9: 159.3 kg/hm2、N1.0: 177 kg/hm2、N1.1: 194.7 kg/hm2、N1.2: 212.4 kg/hm2、NP: 177 kg/hm2), to study the effects on the plant morphological, grain quality, yield and production benefit. The results showed that increasing nitrogen supply significantly improved the plant morphological, the mechanical strength of lower internodes above ground were enhanced, the yield, grain protein content and production efficiency were also significantly improved, which was mainly due to the time and amount of nitrogen nutrition supply matched the demand, thus the plant growth environment was improved markedly under the control of suitable nitrogen supply, the lodging rate decreased observably with the increase of mechanical strength. Change the traditional stage fertilization to single basal slow release nitrogen fertilizer, there was significantly improved the mechanical strength of lower internodes, yield, and production efficiency when the amount of fertilizer was more than 90% of the original amount of fertilizer, which coordinated the supply and demand of nitrogen nutrition, and and achieved an annual economic benefit of more than 2000 yuan per hectare.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家重点研发计划粮食丰产增效科技创新专项(2017YFD0300501),黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”(HNK2019CX12-12),黑龙江省农业科学院2019年度院级科研项目(2019KYJL002),黑龙江省农业科学院2020年度院级科研项目(2020YYYF028),黑龙江省自然基金联合引导项目(LH2020C096)。