磷肥的施用方式和施用量对提高作物的产量和磷肥利用效率有重要影响。研究常规一次性施肥和滴灌分次施肥以及不同磷肥用量对玉米生长及磷肥利用效率的影响,为进一步提高滴灌密植高产春玉米产量及肥料利用率提供理论依据。结果表明,在滴灌水肥一体化分次施磷模式下,磷肥用量在90 kg/hm_²时玉米产量达到最大(16.66-17.29 t/hm_²),比一次性基肥施入产量高8.3%-12.6%,经济效益平均提高11.0%；磷肥偏生产力和农学利用率比一次性基肥施入处理分别提高了44.4%-50%和59.5%-73.65%。总之,在滴灌水肥一体化条件下,在玉米开花前随水分次滴施水溶性磷肥能有效提高玉米产量和磷肥利用率,同时能够减少磷肥用量,提高经济效益。

The application mode and amount of phosphorus fertilizer have an important influence on increasing crop yield and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency. To study the effects of conventional one-time fertilization, drip irrigation and different amount of phosphorus on maize growth and phosphorus utilization efficiency. The results provide a theoretical basis for further improving the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of high-yield spring maize under drip irrigation and close planting. The results showed that the yield of maize reached the maximum (16.66-17.29 t/hm_²) when the application rate of phosphorus fertilizer was 90 kg/hm_² under the drip irrigation integrated water-fertilizer phosphorus application mode, which was 8.3%-12.6% higher than that of one-time basal fertilizer application, and the average economic benefit increased by 11.0%. The PFP_P and AE_P were increased by 44.4%-50.0% and 59.5%-73.65%, respectively, compared with the one-time basal fertilizer application. In conclusion, under the condition of integrated drip irrigation with water and fertilizer, drip application of water-soluble phosphate fertilizer before flowering of maize can effectively improve maize yield and utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer, and reduce the amount of phosphorus fertilizer and improve economic benefits.

国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300101)、国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-25)、中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程