[关键词]
[摘要]
研究并明确种植密度与化学调控对玉米茎杆性状的影响,为合理密植、构建适宜群体结构、实现玉米高产抗逆栽培提供理论依据。以迪卡159为供试材料,设置6.0×104株/hm2 (D1)、7.0×104株/hm2 (D2) 、8.0×104株/hm2 (D3)和9.0×104株/hm2 (D4) 4个密度水平,在8展叶期喷施化控剂玉多十(HK)和清水为对照(CK)2个处理,研究不同种植密度与化学调控技术对植株茎秆性状的影响。结果表明,随种植密度的增大,迪卡159的株高、穗位高显著增高,茎秆节间长变长,茎粗变小,扁率增大,茎秆强度变弱。HK处理后,株高、穗位高显著降低,4-5节位节间长大幅度减少,茎粗增加,扁率降低,茎秆强度增强;茎秆横折强度与穿刺强度在3个时期均随种植密度上升呈现整体下降趋势,并于乳熟期达到最大值。HK处理后,茎秆的横折强度与穿刺强度增强,其中,4-5节位提升幅度最大;HK处理增加了灌浆期与乳熟期第三节位的木质素与纤维素含量,D1 、D2 、D4密度下效果显著;倒伏率随种植密度的升高呈上升趋势,D2-D4密度下,迪卡159的倒伏率较D1密度下分别升高了38.03%、80.05%以及90.02%;HK处理可以显著降低倒伏率,4个密度下分别比对照降低了26.15%、47.72%、35.17%和33.82%。由此可见,化学调控技术可以明显提高玉米茎秆的抗倒伏能力,在多风多雨的种植密度较大的地区,可以采用喷施化控剂增强玉米茎秆的横折强度与穿刺强度,调控植株茎秆性状,有利于玉米的稳定生产。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Abstract: In order to study the effects of different planting density and chemical control technology on plant stem traits. Dika 159 were used as experimental materials. Four density levels of 6.0 × 104 plants / hm2 (D1), 7.0 × 104 plants / hm2 (D2), 8.0 × 104 plants / hm2 (D3) and 9.0 × 104 plants / hm2 (D4) were set. At 7-8 leaf development stage, experimental treatments sprayed chemical YuDuoShi (HK) and control group only sprayed water (CK). The results showed that with the increase of planting density, the plant height and ear height of Dika 159 increased significantly, the internode length became longer, the stem diameter became smaller, the flattening rate increased, and the stem strength became weaker. In HK treatments, plant height and ear height decreased significantly, internode Growth at 4-5 nodes decreased, stem diameter increased, flattening rate decreased, and stem strength increased. Stem transverse crushing strength and puncture strength showed an overall downward trend with the increase of planting density at three stages, and reached the maximum value at milk stage. In HK treatments, the transverse crushing strength and puncture strength of the stem were enhanced, and the increase range of 4-5 node was the largest; HK treatment increased the lignin and cellulose content of the third node at the filling stage and milk stage, and the effect was significant at D1, D2 and D4. The lodging rate increased with the greater planting density. Compared with D1, the lodging rate of DIKA 159 increased by 38.03%, 80.05% and 90.02% respectively in D2-D4. HK treatment could significantly reduce the lodging rate, which decreased by 26.15%, 47.72%, 35.17% and 33.82% respectively compared with the control. Conclusion: Chemical control technology can improve the lodging resistance of corn stalk. In the area of windy and rainy planting density, chemical control agent can be used to enhance the transverse crushing strength and puncture strength of corn stalk, and regulate the plant stalk characteristics, which is conducive to the stable production of corn.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]