基于DUS测试,对113个上海鲜食玉米品种进行了田间种植试验,并对采集的30个表型性状进行多样性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析,旨在从多角度去研究上海鲜食玉米的遗传多样性发展。结果表明：上海鲜食玉米的遗传变异积累相对单一。除了3个性状“抽雄期与散粉期间隔天数” (1.77)、“抽雄期与抽丝期间隔天数”(2.04)、 “植株：穗位高与株高比率”(1.92)外,其他性状的多样性指数均处在0.18～1.50之间,有约26.67%的性状低于1.00；聚类分析表明,上海鲜食玉米的遗传背景存在趋同化现象,聚成5类时,前两类包含了近61.06%的品种,类群Ⅲ和类群Ⅳ分别与其他类群有明显的差异,但是二者的品种量极少；主成分分析得出生育期和雄穗等相关性状对上海地区鲜食玉米的评价有重要影响。基于以上结果,上海鲜食玉米应在资源创新上加大投入,加强优质育种资源的引进,不断丰富本土遗传资源库。

Based on DUS test, 113 fresh maize varieties in Shanghai were planted in the field, and 30 phenotypic characters were analyzed by diversity analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, in order to study the development of genetic diversity of fresh maize in Shanghai from multiple perspectives. The results showed that the accumulation of genetic variation of fresh maize in Shanghai was relatively single. Except X27 (1.92), X18 (1.77), X19 (2.04), the diversity index of other characters was between 0.18 and 1.50, and about 26.67% of the characters were lower than 1.00. Cluster analysis showed that the genetic background of Shanghai fresh maize was similar, and the first two groups contained nearly 61.06% varieties when they were clustered into five groups. Compared with others, Groups III and IV separately had significant differences, but the two groups contained a few number of varieties.The correlation of growth period and tassel has important influence on the evaluation of fresh maize in Shanghai. Therefore, Shanghai fresh maize should increase investment in resource innovation, strengthen the introduction of high-quality breeding resources, and constantly enrich the local genetic resource pool.