[关键词]
[摘要]
为明确麦茬不同耕作方式对免耕直播夏玉米产量建成的影响,本研究基于始于2012年的不同耕作方式长期定位试验,分析冬小麦播前深翻(DT)、旋耕(ST)和免耕(NT)三种耕作方式对后茬免耕直播夏玉米生长(干物质积累与分配)、生理(叶面积指数和SPAD值)、籽粒灌浆速率的影响,探析麦茬耕作方式对后茬夏玉米生长发育和产量建成的影响。结果表明,ST处理成熟期干物质积累量显著高于DT和NT(P<0.05),穗部干物质的分配比例也分别较NT与DT显著增加了7.94%~13.79%与10.34%~17.48%。ST处理叶面积和持绿性优于DT和NT。ST处理的籽粒灌浆速率较DT与NT处理提高12.71%~18.96%与5.25%~8.71%,最终获得最大产量。因此,冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟种植模式下,麦茬旋耕更利于免耕直播夏玉米的生长和产量建成。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
In order to clarify the effect of different tillage methods of wheat stubble on the yield of no-tillage direct-sowing summer maize, this study was based on the long-term positioning experiment of different tillage methods started in 2012, and analyzed the effects of three tillage methods : the deep ploughing (DT), rotary tillage (ST) and no-tillage (NT) before sowing of winter wheat on the growth (accumulation and distribution of dry matter), physiology (leaf area index and SPAD value), and grain filling rate of no-tillage direct-seeded summer maize in the following stubble, to explore the effect of wheat stubble tillage on the growth, development and yield establishment of the following summer maize. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation at the mature stage of ST treatment was significantly higher than that of DT and NT (P<0.05), and the distribution ratio of panicle dry matter was also significantly increased by 7.94%-13.79% and 10.34%-17.48% compared with NT and DT, respectively. The leaf area and green holding of ST treatment were also better than DT and NT. Compared with DT and NT, the grain filling rate of ST treatment was increased by 12.71%-18.96% and 5.25%-8.71%, and the maximum yield was finally obtained. Therefore, under the winter wheat-summer corn two-crop planting mode, the rotary tillage of wheat stubble is more conducive to the growth and yield of no-tillage direct seeding summer corn.
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[基金项目]
山东省玉米产业技术体系岗位专家项目(SDAIT-02-07);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程-粮食作物周年全程机械化丰产增效关键技术(CXGC2021A07);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程-粮田资源环境长期定位监测(CXGC2021A34)