[目的]研究不同环境温度、不同土壤湿度对3种玉米田除草剂产生药害的影响。[方法]试验采用人工气候箱盆栽法，设3个药剂（乙草胺、异噁唑草酮、莠去津）和1个清水对照、2个环境温度梯度、3个土壤湿度梯度共24个处理，每处理4次重复。在施药后调查玉米株高并计算株高抑制率，同时取鲜样送至检测机构确认玉米植株中除草剂成分。[结果]环境温度10℃，土壤相对含水量为20%时，乙草胺、异噁唑草酮、莠去津对玉米的株高抑制率分别为1.0%-18.7%、22.0%-46.9%、21.0%-42.5%；含水量为25%时，三种除草剂对玉米的株高抑制率分别为23.1%-50.6%、42.5%-62.8%、25.6%-57.6%。环境温度15℃，土壤相对含水量为20%时，乙草胺、异噁唑草酮、莠去津对玉米株高抑制率分别为13.7%-63.4%、14.8%-72.8%、5.4%-22.5%；含水量为25%时，乙草胺、莠去津对玉米的株高抑制率分别16.3%-22.8%、3.0%-9.1%。除草剂在玉米植株中残留的检测结果，环境温度10℃，土壤相对含水量分别为15%、20%、25%时，玉米植株中莠去津残留量分别为0.150-0.360毫克/千克、0.040-0.170毫克/千克、0.190-0.360毫克/千克。环境温度15℃，土壤相对含水量分别为15%、20%、25%时，玉米植株中乙草胺残留量分别为0.020-0.490毫克/千克、0.012-0.400毫克/千克、0.015-0.540毫克/千克，莠去津的残留量分别为0.017-0.210毫克/千克、0.020-0.092毫克/千克、0.020-0.110毫克/千克。[结论]低温高湿条件下，避免使用乙草胺、异噁唑草酮、莠去津，易产生玉米苗期药害。

Abstract: [Aims]This study probed into the phytotoxicity effects of three herbicides on corn plants under different temperature and different soil humidity. ?[Methods]By means of artificial climate box pot cultivation, this experiment conducted 24 treatments, including 3 herbicides（acetochlor,?isoxazolone,atrazine） and one control group with water as the substance, 2 ambient temperature gradients and 3 soil moisture gradients, with each treatment repeated 4 times. After herbicides were applied, the height of corn plants was measured and the inhibition rate of height was calculated. Meanwhile, fresh samples were gathered and sent to testing institutions where herbicide composition in corn plants was confirmed.?[Results]When the ambient temperature was 10℃ and the relative soil moisture content was 20%, the plant height inhibition rates of acetochlor, isoxazolone and atrazine on maize were 1.0%-18.7%, 22.0%-46.9%, and 21.0%-42.5%. When the moisture content was 25%, the plant height inhibition rates of the three herbicides were 23.1%-50.6%, 42.5%-62.8% and 25.6%-57.6%, respectively. When the ambient temperature was 15℃ and the relative soil moisture content was 20%, the plant height inhibition rates of acetochlor, isoxazolone and atrazine on maize were 13.7%-63.4%, 14.8%-72.8%, and 5.4%-22.5%.When the moisture content was 25%, the plant height inhibition rates of acetochlor and atrazine were 16.3%-22.8%, 3.0%-9.1%, respectively.According to the detection results of herbicide residues in maize plants, when the ambient temperature was 10 °C and the relative soil moisture content was 15%, 20%, and 25%, the atrazine residues in maize plants were 0.150-0.360mg/kg, 0.040-0.170mg/kg and 0.190-0.360mg/kg. When the ambient temperature was 15°C and the relative soil moisture content was 15%, 20%, and 25%, the residues of acetochlor in maize plants were 0.020-0.490mg/kg, 0.012-0.4mg/kg, and 0.015-0.540mg/kg, and the residues of atrazine were 0.017-0.21mg/kg, 0.020-0.092mg/kg, and 0.020-0.110mg/kg.[Conclusion]It is suggested not to apply acetochlor, isoxaflutole, and atrazine, as they exert phytotoxicity harms on corn seedlings when the ambient temperature is low and the soil humidity is high. Key words: temperature;humidity;?phytotoxicity;??acetochlor;?isoxazolone;?atrazine

黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划重大项目(GA19B104-3); 黑龙江省农业科学院农业科技创新跨越工程(HNK2019CX14)