为优化黄淮海地区夏玉米氮、磷肥管理，本试验采用随机区组设计，常规施氮(270 kg?N hm-2, N270)和减量施氮(180 kg?N hm-2, N180)条件下，设置3个氮磷比例2:1(R2)、3:1(R3)、4:1(R4)和不施肥处理(CK)，研究氮磷配施比对夏玉米花后叶面积指数(LAI)、净光合速率(Pn)、光合性能综合指数(PIABS)和产量的影响。结果表明：常规施氮条件下(N270)，R3的LAI、Pn和PIABS显著高于R2和R4，R3的产量较R2和R4分别高7.50%和13.48%。减量施氮条件下(N180)，R2花后LAI最大，Pn和PIABS下降速率减慢，因此R2处理获得更高的产量。花后，R3N270的LAI较R2N180增加了0.73%(P>0.05)；花后10 d，R3N270的Pn和PIABS较R2N180增加了1.75%和4.17%(P>0.05)，产量较R2N180增加了4.20%(P>0.05)。在黄淮海地区小麦-玉米一年两熟种植模式下，常规施氮270 kg?hm-2且氮磷肥配施比3:1时，夏玉米叶片衰老较缓慢，花后光合能力较强，穗粒数增加，获得夏玉米高产；减量施氮33%并调整氮磷比为2:1，可延缓夏玉米花后叶片衰老，提升花后光合能力，获得夏玉米丰产高效。综上，施用磷肥90 kg?hm-2且维持氮磷配比为2:1至3:1，可利于夏玉米高产高效。

To optimize the management of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer in summer maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, this experiment adopted a randomized block design and conventional nitrogen application (270 kg?N hm-2, N270) and reduced nitrogen application (180 kg?N hm-2, N180) conditions, three nitrogen-phosphorus ratios of 2:1 (R2), 3:1 (R3), 4:1 (R4) and no fertilization (CK) were set, and the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus mixed application ratios on the post-flowering leaf area index (LAI), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), photosynthetic performance composite index (PIABS) and yield of summer maize were studied. The results showed that under the conventional nitrogen application conditions (N270), the LAI, Pn, and PIABS of R3 were significantly higher than those of R2 and R4, and the yields of R3 were 7.50% and 13.48% higher than those of R2 and R4, respectively. Under the reduced nitrogen application conditions (N180), R2 had the largest LAI after anthesis, and the rate of Pn and PIABS decline was slowed down, so the R2 treatment obtained higher yields. After anthesis, the LAI of R3N270 increased by 0.73% compared with R2N180 (P>0.05); after anthesis 10 days, the Pn and PIABS of R3N270 increased by 1.75% and 4.17% (P>0.05) compared with R2N180, and the yield increased by 4.20% (P>0.05) compared with R2N180. Under the wheat-maize two-cropping mode of wheat-maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, when the conventional nitrogen application was 270 kg?hm-2 and the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was 3:1, the leaf aging of summer maize was slower, the photosynthetic ability after anthesis was stronger, the number of panicle grains increased, and the high yield of summer maize was obtained. Reducing the amount of nitrogen by 33% and adjusting the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio to 2:1 can delay the leaf aging of summer maize after anthesis, improve the photosynthetic ability after anthesis, and obtain high yield and high efficiency of summer maize. In summary, the application of 90 kg?hm-2 of phosphate fertilizer and the maintenance ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus from 2:1 to 3:1 can be conducive to the high yield and high efficiency of summer maize.

山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程（CXGC2022A08; CXGC2021A34）；山东省玉米产业技术体系岗位专家项目（SDAIT-02-07）