[关键词]
[摘要]
高湿玉米青贮饲料(High moisture corn silage)是指玉米籽粒含水量在30%左右收获,不经干燥,直接用辊轧机或研磨机粉碎、通过窖储或裹包青贮等方式进行压实密闭发酵,调制为牛、羊、猪和鸡等畜禽的饲料。相比玉米籽粒直收和破碎等,高湿玉米青贮能够降低使用成本25% ~ 30%,且具有和干籽粒玉米相似的能量和蛋白。饲喂效果研究表明,使用高湿玉米青贮饲料产奶净能提高5% ~ 10%,淀粉消化率提高30% ~ 35%。同时,高湿玉米裹包青贮饲料可以安全存放2 ~ 3年。针对我国东北和黄淮海玉米主产区,玉米籽粒收获后烘干、晾晒、仓储和转运条件受限等问题,推广高湿玉米青贮将具有巨大的发展潜力和市场应用前景,能有效缓解我国玉米供需矛盾、加强饲料供应能力和饲料安全保障。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
High moisture corn (HMC) silage refers to the harvested corn kernels with a moisture content of about 30%, which is directly crushed by a rolling mill or grinder, compacted with silo or wrapping for fermentation, and prepared as silage for feeding livestock. Compared with direct harvesting and crushing of corn kernels, HMC silage can reduce by 25% - 30% of the cost, and has the same energy and protein as dry corn. The feeding effect shows that net energy lactation and the starch digestibility increase by 5% - 10% and by 30% - 35%, respectively, when HMC silage is used. Furthermore, the wrapped HMC can be stored safely for 2 to 3 years. Focusing on the main problems of drying, storage and transportation of corn in the main maize producing areas of Northeast China and Huanghuaihai, the developing HMC will have great development potential and market application prospects, which can effectively alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of corn, and strengthen feed supply capacity and security in China.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]