2019和2020年,以苏科糯1501、苏科糯12、苏科花糯2008、苏科糯11、苏玉糯5号和万糯2000为试验材料,系统分析南方鲜食玉米区不同糯玉米品种产量和籽粒灌浆特性差异,以期为糯玉米高产优质品种选育提供支持。结果表明产量及产量构成因素品种间差异两年表现基本一致(秃尖长除外)。产量较高的品种(苏科糯12、苏科糯1501、万糯2000和苏科花糯2008)穗粒数和粒重均高于产量较低的品种(苏玉糯5号和苏科糯11),这与高最大灌浆速率和高平均灌浆速率相一致。糯玉米产量与穗长、穗粒和百粒鲜重呈极显著正相关,百粒鲜重与最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率呈极显著正相关,穗粒数与有效灌浆期、最大灌浆速率时的时间和最大灌浆速率时的生长量呈显著正相关。综上,在鲜食玉米高产品种选育时应注重对高灌浆速率、高最大灌浆速率时的生长量等指标进行选择。

During 2019 and 2020 growing season, Sukenuo 1501, Sukenuo 12, Sukehuanuo 2008, Sukenuo 11, Suyunuo 5 and Wannuo 2000 were chosen as experimental materials to analysis the difference of grain yield and grain filling characteristics in Southern Area, which would support for breeding high-yield and high-quality waxy maize variety. The results showed that grain yield and yield components were similiar in two years. Grain number and grain weight per ear were higher in higher-yield varieties (Sukenuo 12, Sukenuo 1501, Wannuo 2000 and Sukehuanuo 2008) than those in lower-yield varieties (Suyunuo 5 and Sukenuo 11), which was consistent with the high maximum grain filling rate and the high average grain filling rate. The grain yield was significantly positively correlated with ear length, ear grains and 100-kernel fresh weight. The 100-kernel fresh weight was significantly positively correlated with the maximum filling rate and average filling rate. The number of grains per ear was correlated with the effective grain filling period, maximum grain filling rate and the growth at maximum grain filling rate. Therefore, the selection of higher filling rate and growth at maximum filling rate could be used for higher-yield varieties of waxy maize.

江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(JATS[2020]385)；江苏省农业科技自主创新项目[CX(20)1002]；江苏省农业重大新品种创制(PZCZ201710)；现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-02)；江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心(JCIC-MCP)。