本文基于调研数据，以吉林省半干旱区玉米种植体系为研究对象，以生产１kg玉米为评价单元，运用农业碳足迹理论及生命周期评价法研究吉林省半干旱区玉米种植系统碳足迹大小及组成，分析玉米生产过程中各种碳排放源的相对贡献。结果显示，玉米生命周期单位面积碳足迹和单位产量碳足迹分别为12.3 kg·CO2-eq·hm-2和1.10 kg·CO2-eq·kg-1，其中农资生产系统引起的温室气体排放对碳足迹贡献最大，占总量的52%，碳排放量为21431 kg·CO2-eq，农资生产系统中由氮肥造成的碳排放比例最高占41%；而作物生产系统对玉米生命周期碳足迹的贡献为48%，该环节的碳排放量是17257 kg·CO2-eq，其中施用氮肥产生的温室气体排放量为14209 kg·CO2-eq，占该环节碳排放总量的82.3%；各项农资投入与碳足迹的相关分析表明，宁江区玉米生命周期碳足迹主要受化肥影响，其次是耗电和柴油。建议优化煤基氮肥生产路线，研发清洁煤基氮肥技术，降低肥料生产加工过程中的碳排放量同时采取施用缓释肥料，脲酶抑制剂等方法，延缓养分释放，提高肥料利用率。

This paper evaluated the relative contributions of various sources of carbon emissions during maize production in thein semi-arid area of Jilin Province.Carbon footprint and life cycle assessment analyses were used to determine the magnitude and composition. One kilogram of maize harvested was defined as the functional unit in the present study. As a result, the carbon footprints per unit area and per unit yield of maize were 12.3 kg·CO2-eq·hm-2 and 1.10 kg·CO2-eq·kg-1, respectively. Throughout life cycle of corn, greenhouse gas emissions caused by the agricultural resource production system contributed the most (52%, 21431 kg·CO2-eq) to the carbon footprint, of which nitrogen fertilizer had the largest share with 41%. Planting accounted for 48% (17257 kg·CO2-eq), and nitrogen fertilizer had a portion of 82.3% (14209 kg·CO2-eq). Correlation analysis of agricultural elements and carbon footprint indicated that fertilizer is the main contributor to the carbon footprint, followed by electricity consumption and diesel. Suggestions on optimizing coal-based nitrogen fertilizer production routes and developing clean coal-based nitrogen fertilizer technologies. To reduce the carbon emissions in the process of fertilizer production, slow release fertilizers and urease inhibitors can be applied to delay the release of nutrients and improve the utilization rate of fertilizers.

吉林省农业科技创新工程人才基金项目