[关键词]
[摘要]
为筛选适宜榆林市种植的机械粒收玉米新品种,2019年在榆林市农业科学研究院试验示范基地选用49个玉米新品种,开展玉米机械粒收品种的比较试验。结果显示子粒含水率分布范围15.9%~29.1%,平均为20.2%,破碎率在0.2%~2.73%,均值为1.21%(低于≤5%的国标要求)。子粒破碎率与含水率之间呈极显著正相关,可用二次多项式y = 0.0064x2 - 0.1297x + 1.1591(R2 = 0.7034,n=55)进行拟合。按双向平均作图法筛选出单产水平高、子粒含水率低的品种7个,分别为五谷563、德单203、华西1804、陕单650、豫龙618、敦玉282、陕单660,其子粒含水率分布范围16.6%~201%,产量1032.6~1225.8kg/亩,这7个单产水平高、脱水快的品种,适合密植栽培和机械粒收。与对照品种先玉335做对比,产量高于对照、子粒含水率低于对照的品种为华西1804。此外,JSH3705、五谷416、甘玉251、金穗183等18个品种脱水速率快、单产水平低于平均值的品种,这些品种较适宜机械粒收;其余品种不适宜机收,可作为高产品种种植。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
In order to screen suitable for machine grain harvest maize cultivars in yulin,49 new varieties of maize were chosen to carry out a comparative test in the experimental demonstration base of Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2019 . The results showed that the grain moisture content ranged from 15.9% to 29.1%, with an average of 20.2%. The broken rate were 0.2%-2.73%, with an average of 1.21%(lower than the national standard of ≤5%).There was an extremely significant positive correlation between broken rate and grain moisture content, which could be fitted by quadratic polynomial Y = 0.0064x2-0.1297x + 1.1591 (R2 = 0.7034, n=55). Seven cultivars(Wugu 563 、Dedan 203 、Huaxi 1804、SHandan650 、Yulong 618、 Dunyu 282 and Shandan 660) with high yield and low grain moisture content were screened by bidirectional average mapping method.The grain moisture content ranged from 16.6% to 201%,and the yield were from 1032.6 to 1225.8kg/ mu,which were suitable for high density planting and mechanical grain harvesting.Compared with the control variety Xianyu 335,Huaxi 1804 had higher yield and lower grain moisture content than the control.In addition,18 varieties(including JSH3705, Wugu 416, Ganyu 251, Jinsui 183,etc)with fast dehydration rate and lower yield were more suitable for mechanical harvesting.Other varieties were not suitable for machine harvesting and can be planted as high-yield varieties.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家玉米产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02)、榆林市科协青年人才托举计划项目(20200208)