[关键词]
[摘要]
通过改善耕作方式,提高控释肥的养分供应与作物需氮的时空吻合是增产增效的有效手段。本研究以深松耕作(SS)和浅旋耕作(RT)2种耕作方式为主区,以施用普通化肥(HY)、控释肥(CN)和不施氮肥(N0)3种施肥模式为副区,分析控释肥的养分释放率、控释肥和普通化肥氮素积累量及产量、氮效率的变化,结果表明,与浅旋耕作处理相比,深松处理提高0-15cm土层土壤温度,苗期-吐丝期提高0.36℃-3.79℃,土壤含水量提高0.55%-5.74%;0-40cm土层土壤容重降低0.69%-7.3%,提高控释肥养分释放率1.5%-13.8%,在需肥关键期,拔节期-大喇叭口期,控释肥养分释放率最高,深松较浅旋增加24.13%,养分释放率与土壤温度显著相关(r=0.557,p<0.01);深松处理下,施控释肥氮素积累量显著高于普通化肥,提高幅度为8.46-125.43%,千粒重平均高6.17%,产量平均高11.96%,氮肥农学利用效率平均高122.76%。因此,深松提高了土壤温度,促进控释肥养分释放,提高了植株氮素积累量,提高土壤氮素供应与作物需氮的时空吻合度,有利于产量及氮效率的增加,有利于实现内蒙古地区春玉米高产高效生态安全目标。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
It is an effective means to increase yield and efficiency by improving tillage methods and increasing nutrient supply of controlled-release fertilizer in accordance with spatial-temporal nitrogen requirement of crops. In this study, Subsoil tillage (SS) and shallow rotation tillage (RT) were the main factor, and ordinary chemical fertilizer (HY), controlled release fertilizer (CN) and no nitrogen fertilizer (N0) were the subplot treatment, the nutrient release rate of controlled release fertilizer, the change of nitrogen accumulation, yield and nitrogen efficiency under ordinary chemical fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer were analyzed. The result were as follows: Compared with shallow rotation tillage, subsoiling tillage increased soil temperature and water content in 0-15cm soil layer, soil temperature increase 0.36℃-3.79℃ and soil water content increase 0.55%-5.74% from seeding stage to silking stage. Soil bulk density in 0-40cm soil layer decreased by 0.69%-7.3%, and nutrient release rate of controlled release fertilizer increased by 1.5%-13.8%. The nutrient release rate of controlled release fertilizer was the highest in the critical period of fertilizer requirement from V6-V12, and increased by 24.13% compared with the shallow rotation. The nutrient release rate was significantly correlated with soil temperature (r=0.557, p<0.01). Under subsoiling treatment, nitrogen accumulation in controlled-release fertilizer was significantly higher than that in ordinary chemical fertilizer treat, with an increase of 8.46-125.43%, the 1000-grain weight increased 6.17%, yield increased 11.96% and nitrogen use efficiency increased 122.76% in controlled release fertilizer. Subsoiling increased the soil temperature, promoted the nutrient release of controlled release fertilizer, increased the plant nitrogen accumulation, and improved the spatial and temporal coincidence between soil nitrogen supply and crop nitrogen demand, which was conducive to the increase of yield and nitrogen efficiency, and the ecological security goal of high yield and high efficiency of spring maize in Inner Mongolia was realized.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
(2019BS03016),内蒙古自治区科技兴蒙行动重点专项(KJXM2020001-06),内蒙古农业大学引进优秀博士第四层次(NDYB2016-29),国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-2-63), 农业部华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站(25204120),内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室资助。