玉米因其重要的粮食、饲料以及工业用途在农业生产及国民经济发展中发挥着重要作用。干旱是世界范围内限制作物生产力、造成粮食减产的主要因素。本研究以玉米品种金穗3号、陇单339、陇单602和先玉335为材料，设置对照(CK)、中旱(T1)、高旱(T2)3个处理，不同生育时期测定光合特征参数、生理生态指标、产量相关性状指标以及品质指标，分析干旱胁迫对玉米生理生态指标的影响，探讨产量与品质的关系。结果表明，干旱胁迫后，与对照相比玉米株高、穗位高、单株生物量、单株穗重、单株粒重、穗长、百粒重和小区产量均随着干旱胁迫程度的增加而降低，在高旱胁迫下，分别降低19.78%、19.06%、36.76%、44.50%、45.08%、24.01%、22.81%和62.89%；高旱胁迫增加了空秆率，粉丝间隔时间增加了1.17d~3.17d；净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和叶面积指数随着干旱胁迫程度呈下降的趋势；籽粒粗脂肪和蛋白含量表现出先升高后降低的趋势，淀粉含量则表现出逐渐降低的趋势。在甘肃省干旱半干旱地区可种植抗旱性较好的金穗3号及相似品种，适当控水可提高籽粒品质。

Maize plays an important role in agricultural production and national economic development because of its important food, feed and industrial crop. Drought is a major factor limiting crop productivity and causing reduced food production worldwide. In this study, four maize varieties, Jinsui 3, Longdan 339, Longdan 602 and Xianyu 335 were used for test materials, set up three treatments of control (CK), medium drought (T1) and high drought (T2), and measured photosynthetic characteristics parameters, physiological and ecological indicators, yield-related trait indicators and quality indicators at different fertility periods to analyze the effect of drought stress on maize physiological and ecological indicators and explore the relationship between yield and quality. The results showed that after drought stress, plant height, ear position height, biomass per plant , ear weight per plant, seed weight per plant, ear length, 100-seed weight and plot yield decreased with increasing drought stress compared with the control, and decreased by 19.78%, 19.06%, 36.76%, 44.50%, 45.08%, 24.01%, 22.81% and 62.89%. High drought stress increased the rate of empty straw and increased the anthesis silking interval by 1.17d to 3.17d. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and leaf area index showed a decreasing trend with the degree of drought stress. The crude fat and protein content of the seeds showed a tendency to increase and then decrease, while the starch content showed a gradual decrease. In the arid and semi-arid areas of Gansu Province can be planted with drought resistance Jinsui 3 and similar varieties, appropriate water control can improve the quality of the seeds.

高标准农田生地熟化技术研究与模式集成示范(GNKJ-2020-5)