株型是影响玉米产量形成的关键因子之一，在增强光合作用，提高产量方面具有重要意义。本研究以玉米自交系ZNC442和SCML0849为亲本构建的131份F2:3家系为材料，结合简化基因组测序（GBS）技术的基因型鉴定结果与该群体在多环境下的株型评价数据，利用完备区间作图法对株高、穗位高、叶夹角、穗上叶片数、雄穗分支数、雄穗主轴长等株型相关性状进行QTL定位。结果发现，2 个环境下共检测到98个株型相关QTL，分布于10条染色体上。其中包含株高相关QTL 10个、穗位高相关QTL 17个、穗上叶片数相关QTL 15个、叶夹角相关QTL 21个、雄穗分枝数相关QTL 24个、雄穗主轴长相关QTL 11个。结合已公开的QTL定位信息，利用生物信息学分析筛选出5个控制株型相关性状的候选基因Zm00001eb137310、Zm00001eb037290、Zm00001eb033500、Zm00001eb033600、Zm00001eb033610。其中Zm00001eb137310编码的色氨酸转氨酶相关蛋白与雄穗分枝数相关，通过参与植物的避荫反应来影响分枝数的增减；Zm00001eb037290、Zm00001eb033500、Zm00001eb033600、Zm00001eb033610则与株高相关，其编码的PosF21转录因子、E3泛素蛋白连接酶ATL6、丝氨酸/精氨酸丰富剪接因子、MYB102转录因子，分别通过参与赤霉素的合成、调节C/N反应、调控细胞分裂素变化等过程调控节间生长发育与植株大小。这些研究结果为深度揭示玉米株型性状变异的遗传基础提供了更丰富的理论支持。

Plant architecture is one of the key factors affected maize's production formation, which is important for enhancing photosynthesis and improving yield. In this study, two maize inbred lines of ZNC442 and SCML0849 were selected to be parents, then one bi-parent population with 131 F2:3 families were traited as materials. Which were genotyped by using genome sequencing (GBS) technology, and plant architecture related traits were evaluation under multiple environments. After that, QTL mapping of ear height, leaf angle, leaf number above the ear, tassel branch number and total tassel length were identified by using inclusive composite interval mapping method. Results showed that, 98 plant architecture related QTL were detected under two environments, including 10 plant height related QTL, 7 ear height related QTL, 15 leaf number above the ear related QTL, 21 leaf angle related QTL, 24 tassel branch number related QTL and 11 tassel length related QTL. These QTL were evenly distributed on 10 chromosomes. Bioinformatics analysis showed that, 5 suspected key candidate genes related with plant architecture were identified, including Zm00001eb137310、Zm00001eb037290、Zm00001eb033500、Zm00001eb033600、Zm00001eb033610. Wherein, Zm00001eb137310 encoded the Tryptophan aminotransferase-related protein, which associated with tassel branch number through participating in the shade avoidance response of plants. Zm00001eb037290, Zm00001eb033500, Zm00001eb033600 and Zm00001eb033610 were correlated with plant height, which encoded transcription factor PosF21, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ATL6, Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor and Transcription factor MYB102, respectively. Which regulate internode growth and plant size by participating in Gibberellin synthesis, regulating C/N response and regulating cytokinin changes respectively. These findings would provide much more theoretical support for revealing the genetic basis of variation in maize plant-type traits, deeply.

黔农科院国家自然科学基金后补助项目；贵州省科技基金；贵州省高层次创新型人才项目；黔农科院科技创新