推广有机肥对于农业绿色发展具有重要意义，但现实中农户有机肥施用行为和意愿之间存在悖离，以黑龙江省249户玉米种植户为研究对象，采用Logistic模型和Bootstrap中介效应模型，从农户个体特征、经营特征、认知特征、农地资源特征方面探究农户有机肥施用行为与意愿悖离的影响因素。结果发现，年龄、健康状况、地块分散程度、土壤肥力对悖离的发生有显著促进作用；拥有绿色食品标识、种养兼营、参与施肥培训对悖离发生有显著抑制作用。为减少农户有机肥施用行为与意愿的悖离，提升有机肥施用水平，提出广泛开展有机肥制备撒施培训、提高有机肥施用机械化程度、积极发展种养结合、加强农产品品牌建设、加快土地经营权有序流转等政策建议。

The promotion of organic fertilizer is of great significance to the green development of agriculture, but there is a divergency between farmers' organic fertilizer application behavior and willingness in reality. Taking 249 maize farmers in Heilongjiang Province as the research object, Logistic model and Bootstrap mediation effect model were adopted. The influencing factors of the divergency between farmers' organic fertilizer application behavior and willingness were explored from the aspects of individual characteristics, management characteristics, cognitive characteristics and farmland resources characteristics. The results showed that age, health status, dispersion degree of plots and soil fertility had significant effects on the occurrence of divergence. Having the green food label, combining farming and animal husbandry and participating in the fertilization training had significant inhibition effect on the occurrence of divergency. In order to reduce the divergency between farmers' behavior and willingness of organic fertilizer application and improve the level of organic fertilizer application, the policy suggestions were put forward, such as widely carrying out the training of organic fertilizer preparation and application, improving the mechanization degree of organic fertilizer application, actively developing the combination of planting and raising, strengthening the brand construction of agricultural products, and speeding up the orderly transfer of land management rights.

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国家社会科学基金项目“东北地区粮食生产安全的耕地生态保障与对策研究”（项目编号：20BJY149）