摘要：短时期强降雨会导致渍涝灾害影响作物生长。2021年7月18日-21日河南省漯河地区连续4天强降雨共计185.60 mm，正值当地夏玉米孕穗期，本研究设置了雨停后立即排水 (T1)、雨停后立即排水+滴灌追肥 (T2)、雨停后3 d排水 (T3)、雨停后3 d排水+滴灌追肥(T4)共四个应对措施和不干涉 (CK)共五个处理，调查了不同处理关键生育期的地上部干物重、地下部根干重以及叶面积指数等指标。数据分析表明，不干涉处理(5 d后田间无地表积水)绝产，其他四个处理仍获得平均产量6.98 t/hm2，其中及时排水的T1处理产量平均较3天后排水的T3处理提高21.28%，及时排水后施肥的T2处理较不施肥的T1处理产量提高8.07%，3天后排水并施肥的T4处理较不施肥的T3处理产量提高15.33%，但仍较及时排水的T1处理低5.04%。及时排水、补充氮肥通过减少涝渍对根系生长、叶面积以及地上部干物质积累的负面影响从而缓解产量损失，是应对玉米孕穗期渍涝的有效手段。

Short periods of heavy rainfall can lead to waterlogging and thus affect crop growth. 185.60 mm of heavy rainfall for four days from July 18-21, 2021(summer maize in booting stage) in Luohe, Henan Province. This study includes four countermeasures: drainage immediately after the rain stop(T1), drainage immediately after the rain stop + fertilizer application (T2), drainage 3 d after the rain stop (T3), drainage 3 d after the rain stop + fertilizer application (T4), and natural drainage (CK). Above-ground dry matter weight, below-ground root dry weight, and leaf area index were investigated for key fertility periods after the disaster. The data showed that the natural drainage treatment (no surface water in the field after 5 d was no yield, and the other four treatments still achieved an average yield of 6.98 t/hm2. The yield of T1 treatment was 21.28% higher than that of T3, T2 treatment was 8.07% higher than that of T1, and T4 treatment was 15.33% higher than that of T3, However, it is still 5.04% lower than T1 treatment with drainage immediately. Drainage immediately and supplement of nitrogen fertilizer can alleviate the yield loss by reducing the negative effects of Waterlogging on root growth, leaf area and aboveground dry matter accumulation, which is an effective means to deal with waterlogging at booting stage of maize.

国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD03002)、国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-25)、中国农业科学院科技创新工程