以宜籽粒收获玉米品种“浚单1668”为材料，于2018~2020年在鹤壁开展籽粒灌浆试验，分析籽粒灌浆及脱水特性，探讨粒重、籽粒灌浆参数和籽粒脱水速率与气象因子之间的关系，揭示宜籽粒收获玉米产量形成机制。结果表明：不同年份间玉米籽粒产量、百粒重和收获时含水率差异显著；玉米产量的差异主要由粒重引起，而粒重与灌浆速率显著正相关，与灌浆时间相关性不显著；日照时数和有效积温是影响灌浆速率和粒重的主要气象因子，而日照时数和日温差是影响脱水速率的主要气象因子。同时结果还表明：籽粒收获玉米‘浚单1668’吐丝后积温达到769.1℃?d ~905.0℃?d时，玉米籽粒生理成熟，生理成熟时籽粒含水量20.67%~25.33%。所以，黄淮海区域玉米生产过程中，通过适时早播，增加吐丝后日照时数和有效积温，玉米获得最大粒重和产量的同时，可有效降低籽粒收获时含水量。

'Xundan 1668' of maize suitable for machine harvesting was used as the material in Hebi from 2018 to 2020, the experiment analyzed the grain filling and dehydration characteristics, to explore the relationship between grain weight, grain filling parameters, grain dehydration rate and meteorological factors, and to reveal the formation mechanism of maize yield in suitable grain harvesting. The results showed that the differences in the grain yield, 100-grain weight and moisture content were significant between different years; The difference of yield was mainly caused by grain weight, grain weight was significantly positively correlated with the grain filling rate, but not significantly related to the grain filling period; The number of sunshine hours and effective accumulated temperature were the main meteorological factors affecting the grain filling rate and grain weight, while the number of sunshine hours and daily temperature difference were the main meteorological factors affecting the dehydration rate. At the same time, the results also showed that the accumulated temperature of grain harvested maize 'Xundan 1668' reached 769.1℃?d ~905.0℃?d, the corn grain was physiologically mature, and the grain water content was 20.67% ~ 25.33%. All, in the production process of maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, Through timely and early sowing, increasing the number of sunshine hours and effective accumulated temperature after silking, maize can not only obtain the maximum grain weight and yield, but also effectively reduce the water content during grain harvest.

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国家现代农业产业建设基金“国家玉米产业技术体系建设项目”(CARS-02-67) ；河南省科技攻关 “利用近缘自交系改良玉米单交种制种产量的研究与应用”(222102110300)