以辽宁地区适栽的17个玉米品种为试材，通过不施氮(N₀)和正常施氮(N₂₂₅，225 kg/hm²)处理筛选高产氮高效品种，分析其节氮和增产潜力、干物质积累及氮素利用特征。结果表明，DK301、XY335、ZD958、DD1331、LD585、LD706、DY485、LD1281、LD575、LD1205、TY58、DD1775共12个品种为高产氮高效型(双高效和高氮高效)品种，节氮潜力为15.4%～29.7%。高产氮高效型品种节氮潜力与产量极显著正相关，产量在N₀下与百粒重、行粒数、开花和成熟期生物重显著正相关，N₂₂₅下仅与行粒数显著正相关。施氮提高各类型品种花后氮转移对子粒的贡献率(前)，同时相较于花后氮吸收对子粒氮贡献率(后)，双高效品种均表现为“前后相当”，高氮高效型品种均为“前低后高”。因此，在穗行数相近下，行粒数可作为筛选高产氮高效品种的一个参考指标，通过适当减氮，加强高氮高效型品种的花前氮素供应，可促进玉米节氮增效生产。

Seventeen hybrids suitable for planting in Liaoning province were used in this experiment, and screened by no nitrogen application(N₀) and nitrogen application(N₂₂₅:225 kg/ha) for high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen saving and yield increasing potential, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen utilization characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that, DK301, XY335, ZD958, DD1331, LD585, LD706, DY485, LD1281, LD575, LD1205, TY58, DD1775 were high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency varieties(EE and HNE), and the nitrogen saving potential which was significantly positively correlated with yield was 15.4%-29.7%. Under N₀, yield was significantly positively correlated with 100-kernel weight, kernels number per row, anthesis and mature biological weight, while the yield was only significantly positively correlated with kernels number per row under N₂₂₅. Nitrogen application increased the contribution rate of postanthesis nitrogen transfer to grain(before), and compared with the contribution rate of nitrogen absorption to grain after anthesis(after). As a result, under similar spike rows, kernels number per row can be used as a reference index for screening high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency varieties; reducing nitrogen rateand strengthening the nitrogen fertilizer before anthesis of high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency varieties, especially HNE, can help to promote the efficiency production of maize.

S513.062

财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系、辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20180550029)