为探明玉米育种材料的遗传结构和亲缘关系，为今后玉米种质改良和杂种优势利用提供依据。本文利用4434个SNP标记对47份玉米自交系进行种质遗传多样性和杂种优势类群分析。采用admixture软件对自交系的遗传结构进行分析，采用Treebest软件对自交系进行聚类分析和类群划分。结果显示，47份自交系被分为6个类群，分别为瑞德群、兰卡斯特群、塘四平头群、PB群、旅大红骨群、自330亚群。其中，10个自选系组配出杂交种主要利用的杂种优势模式为PB×塘四平头和瑞德×塘四平头，均为近些年黄淮海地区主要利用的杂种优势模式。

In order to explore the genetic structure and genetic relationship of materials in maize, and provide the basis for germplasm improvement and heterosis utilization in the future. 47 inbred lines in maize were used as materials, the genetic diversity and heterosis group were analyzed by using 4434 SNP markers. The genetic structure of inbred lines was analyzed by Admixture software, and cluster analysis and group division were carried out by Treebest software. The results showed that 47 inbred lines were divided into six groups, including Reid, Lancaster, SPT, PB, LRC and Zi330 subgroup. Among them, the main heterosis patterns of hybrid crossed by 10 inbred lines were PB×SPT and Reid×SPT, these heterosis patterns were mainly used in Huang-Huai-Hai region in recent years.

河南省科技攻关项目“抗逆玉米种质创制及机械化籽粒收获玉米新品种选育”(212102110277)；国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-02-68)。