[关键词]
[摘要]
本研究通过文献检索共获得52篇缓解夏玉米受高温影响的相关试验性文献,主要包括选用耐热型品种、施用植物生长调节剂、施肥和调整播期,以不采取任何措施为对照,基于Meta分析方法定量研究高温胁迫下采取不同应对措施对夏玉米的影响。结果表明:1)高温胁迫下,选用耐热型夏玉米品种对产量的提升效果最优达27.62%,施用植物生长调节剂、施肥和调整播期可分别使夏玉米产量提高23.55%、19.15%和13.15%;2)相较于热敏感型品种,选用耐热型夏玉米品种对产量及其构成要素、穗位叶光合特性和授粉结实能力均有显著的正向影响,特别是授粉结实能力方面,可使雄穗分枝数提高36.21%,雌雄间隔期缩短27.67%;3)在几种应对措施中,施用植物生长调节剂主要影响穗位叶抗氧化酶活性,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别提高了19.97%、23.26%、15.95%,并使丙二醛(MDA)含量减少15.94%;4)高温胁迫下,较不施肥处理,施肥对夏玉米穗位叶净光合速率的提高效果最突出,可达18.95%。综合分析表明,选用耐热型品种是缓解夏玉米高温热害最直接有效的方法,在此基础上可通过施用植物生长调节剂、施肥和调整播期进一步缓解高温所带来的不利影响。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
In this study, 52 experimental literatures on alleviating the influence of high temperature on summer maize were obtained, mainly including selection of heat-resistant varieties, application of plant growth regulators, fertilization and adjustment of sowing date. This study quantifies the effect of different response measures on high temperature in summer maize based on Meta-analysis method with no measures as control. The results showed that: 1) The selection of heat-resistant varieties had the best effect of enhancing summer maize yield by up to 27.62%, and the application of plant growth regulators, fertilization and sowing adjustment could increase summer maize yield by 23.55%, 19.15% and 13.15%, respectively. 2) Compared with the heat-sensitive varieties, the selection of heat-resistant varieties had the most positive effect on the pollination and setting capacity, which significantly increased the tassel branch number by 36.21% and shortened the anthesis-silking interval by 27.67%. 3) The application of plant growth regulators mainly affected yield and activities of oxidase, increasing SOD, POD, and CAT activities by 19.97%, 23.26%, and 15.95%, respectively, and reducing MDA content by 15.94%. 4) Fertilization had the most positive effect on net photosynthetic rate of summer maize, which could increase the net photosynthetic rate by 18.95%. The selection of heat-resistant varieties is the most effective way to alleviate the heat damage of summer corn, on the basis of which the adverse effects of high temperature can be further alleviated by applying plant growth regulators, fertilizing and adjusting the sowing period.
[中图分类号]
P49;S428
[基金项目]
国家自然科学(41977410);国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFC1510205)