针对长期地膜覆盖在西北绿洲地区造成的残膜污染严重、土壤质量恶化以及玉米产量下降等问题。本试验设有2个耕作措施(免耕和传统耕作)和5个覆盖方式(全膜覆盖、70%地膜覆盖/30%捆状玉米秸秆覆盖、70%地膜覆盖/30%不覆盖、50%地膜覆盖/50%捆状玉米秸秆覆盖和50%地膜覆盖/50%不覆盖),调查分析了玉米产量及产量性能指标。结果表明：免耕70%地膜覆盖/30%捆状玉米秸秆覆盖(NTP7S3)较对照传统耕作全膜覆盖(CTP)提高平均叶面积指数(MLAI)与平均净同化率(MNAR)分别达到10.7%和14.3%。同时,NTP7S3具有较强的调控玉米生长发育动态的优势,较CTP降低玉米大喇叭口期之前LAI与吐丝期之后NAR分别为27.7%与15.5%,提高玉米大喇叭口期之后LAI与吐丝期之前NAR分别为21.7%与23.0%。因此,NTP7S3较CTP提高玉米籽粒产量达4.6%。相关性分析可知,免耕秸秆地膜带状覆盖获得较高籽粒产量源于MLAI、收获指数、穗数、穗粒重和千粒重协同提高。因此,NTP7S3能在保证玉米高产稳产的同时减少地膜与机械投入,是西北绿洲灌区玉米生产的可行覆盖措施。

In view of the serious residual plastic film pollution, soil quality deterioration and maize yield decline caused by long-term plastic film mulching in the oasis region of northwest China. This experiment was equipped with two tillage practices (no-till and conventional tillage) and five mulching modes (whole plastic film mulching, 70% plastic film mulching and 30% straw mulching, 70% plastic film mulching and 30% no mulching, 50% plastic film mulching and 50% straw mulching, 50% plastic film mulching and 50% no mulching) were used to investigate and analyze maize yield and yield capability indicators. The results showed that no-tillage combined with 70% plastic film and 30% straw mulch (NTP7S3) increased mean leaf area index (MLAI) and mean net assimilation rate (MNAR) by 10.7% and 14.3%, respectively, compared to the control conventional tillage combined with whole plastic film mulch (CTP). Meanwhile, NTP7S3 had the advantage of strongly regulating the growth and developmental dynamics of maize, reducing LAI before the big flare stage and NAR after the silking stage by 27.7% and 15.5%, respectively, and increasing LAI after the silking stage and NAR before the silking stage by 21.7% and 23.0%, respectively, compared with CTP. Therefore, NTP7S3 increased maize grain yield (GY) by up to 4.6% compared to CTP. The correlation analysis showed that the higher grain yield obtained by no-tillage combined with strip mulching with straw and plastic film was due to the synergistic improvement of mean leaf area index, harvest index, ear number, kernel number per ear and thousand kernel weight. Thus, the NTP7S3 can ensure high and stable maize yield while reducing plastic film and mechanical inputs, which is a feasible mulching measure for maize production in northwest oasis irrigation areas.