[关键词]
[摘要]
明确夏玉米包膜尿素1:1配施普通尿素适宜的一次性施肥时期,为夏玉米高产高效和简化施肥提供依据。在河南省鹤壁和原阳采用田间试验,研究不施氮(CK)、种肥同播(T1)、五叶期一次性施肥(T2)和十叶期一次性施肥(T3),对夏玉米生长发育、氮素积累转运及产量的影响。结果表明,鹤壁和原阳T1产量最高,分别为12700 kg hm-2和10945 kg hm-2,但与T2间差异不显著;夏玉米产量较T2分别提高4.4%和8.7%,较T3分别提高14.2%和10.9%;干物质积累量较其他处理分别提高5.6%–25.1%和1.6%–21.2%。不同生育期T1叶片SPAD值和叶面积指数均达最高。鹤壁和原阳T1氮肥表观利用率最高,分别为35.2%和35.5%,较其他处理分别提高5.6–14.7个百分点和3.2–13.6个百分点;氮素积累量较其他施氮处理分别提高13.8%–34.5%和14.5%–41.5%。T1土壤氮素依存率低于T2和T3。综上,种肥同播提高了夏玉米产量、氮肥效率、叶片SAPD值和叶面积指数,保持较高的氮素吸收速率,降低了土壤氮依存率,满足夏玉米整个生育期的氮素需求,实现了夏玉米高产和高效施肥。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
To clarify the suitable one-off fertilization stage for coated urea 1:1 with normal urea, so as to provide a basis for high yield and high efficiency of summer maize and simplify fertilization. The effects of no N application (CK), simultaneous application of fertilizer and sowing (T1), one-time fertilizer application at the fifth leaf stage (T2) and one-off fertilization at the tenth leaf stage (T3) on the growth and development, N accumulation and transport, and yield of summer maize were investigated. The results showed that T1 treatment in Hebi and Yuanyang had the highest yield of 12,700 kg hm-2 and 10,945 kg hm-2, respectively, but the difference between them and T2 treatment was not significant. Summer maize yield under T1 treatment increased by 4.4% and 8.7% compared with T2 treatment, and by 14.2% and 10.9% compared with T3 treatment; dry matter accumulation increased by 5.6%–25.1% and 1.6%–21.2% compared with other treatments. The highest SPAD values and leaf area index were reached in T1 leaves at different growth stages. In Hebi and Yuanyang, the highest N apparent utilization efficiency was 35.2% and 35.5% under T1 treatment, which increased 5.6–14.7 and 3.2–13.6 percentage points compared with other treatments; N accumulation increased 13.8%–34.5% and 14.5%–41.5% compared with other N application treatments. Soil dependency rate was lower under T1 treatment than T2 and T3. In conclusion, the simultaneous application of fertilizer and sowing improved maize yield, N fertilizer efficiency, leaf SAPD value and leaf area index, maintained high N uptake rate, reduced soil N dependency rate, met the N demand of maize throughout the reproductive stage, and achieved high yield and efficient fertilization of summer maize.
[中图分类号]
S513
[基金项目]
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301106)