利用40个核心SSR标记分析了148份玉米自交系的遗传多样性与亲缘关系，为玉米育种材料的改良和利用提供参考依据。结果表明：40个核心SSR标记在148份玉米自交系中共检测出136个等位变异，每个SSR标记得出的等位变异总数为2～6个，平均3.4个；有效等位基因数(Ne)变幅为1.2323～5.0050，平均2.3939；基因多样性变幅为0.1885～0.8002，平均为0.5252；引物的多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.1781～0.7705，平均0.4617。利用UPGMA聚类法将148份玉米自交系划分为Reid、旅大红骨、PB、Lancaster、塘四平头、中间类群，共6个类群，其中，主要以Reid、旅大红骨、PB、Lancaster和塘四平头这5个类群为主，种群的划分与系谱基本吻合。

Forty core SSR markers were used to explore the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 148 maize inbred lines, in order to provide reference for the improvement and application of maize breeding materials. The results indicated that: the detected alleles of 40 core SSR markers in 148 maize inbred lines were 136，and the detected alleles per maker ranged from 2 to 6，with an average of 3.4; The effective number of alleles (Ne) was 1.2323 to 5.0050，with an average of 2.3939; the gene diversity ranged from 0.1885 to 0.8002，with an average of 0.5252; the polymorphic information content (PIC) of SSR markers was between 0.1781 and 0.7705，with an average of 0.4617. By UPGMA cluster analysis method, 148 maize inbred lines were divided into 6 major groups, which were named Reid, Luda Red Cob, PB, Lancaster, Sipingtou, uncertain group. The results were mainly based on the 5 groups of Reid, Luda Red Cob, PB, Lancaster and Sipingtou. The division of the population was basically consistent with the genealogy.

吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210202005NC),国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210193001、202210193005)