本研究选用不同品种，设置高、低两个种植密度，分析增密后春播与夏播玉米产量及机收质量的变化。结果表明，增密后春玉米和夏玉米的穗粒数与粒重均呈下降趋势，但穗数显著增加，进而均显著增产，产量平均分别提高10.5%、14.4%。增密均显著降低了春播与夏播玉米子粒破碎率与损失率，子粒破碎率分别下降了0.9%、1.1%，损失率分别下降了1.5%、1.2%；增密对含杂率影响不显著。子粒含水量、子粒压缩破碎力与子粒破碎率间呈显著线性相关关系，降低子粒含水量、提高子粒压缩破碎力可明显降低子粒破碎率；增密显著降低收获时子粒含水量、提高了子粒压缩破碎力。因此，建议湖北省春玉米与夏玉米均可适当增加种植密度。

In this study, different varieties were selected, low and high planting densities were adopted, and the changes in yield and mechanical harvest quality of spring and summer maize were analyzed. The results showed that the kernel number per ear and grain weight of spring maize and summer maize decreased after densification. However, densification significantly increased the number of ears, and then significantly increased the yield by the average of 10.5% in spring sown maize and 14.4% in summer sown maize, respectively. The grain broken rate and loss rate of spring sown and summer sown maize under higher density treatment were significantly decreased by 0.9% and 1.1%, respectively, and the loss rate decreased by 1.5% and 1.2%, respectively; while, the effect of densification on impurity rate was not significant. Significant linear correlations were found among grain moisture, the crushing force of grain compression and grain broken rate. Reducing grain water content and increasing crushing force of compression could significantly reduce grain broken rate. Interestingly, the increase in density significantly reduced the grain moisture and increased crushing force of compression at maize harvest. Therefore, it is suggested that the planting density of spring maize and summer maize in Hubei province could be appropriately increased.

S513.047

国家重点计划课题(2016YFD0300308)