[关键词]
[摘要]
摘 要:为探究生物炭在土壤氮素分布以及对根系氮素吸收利用与产量形成中所产生的影响,开展了两年(2019-2020)定点试验,试验以先玉335为供试材料,采用裂区试验设计,以氮肥为主区,300kg/hm2 (N300)、150kg/hm2 (N150)、0kg/hm2 (N0),以生物炭为副区,0t/hm2 (C0)、8t/hm2 (C8)、16t/hm2 (C16)、24t/hm2 (C24)。结果表明,生物炭对土壤容重和土壤有机碳含量产生显著影响,氮肥对土壤容重无明显影响,在0-15cm土层内,C8N0、C16N0、C24N0的容重在2019年和2020年较C0N0分别降低5.28%~13.54%和0.56%~9.60%;有机碳含量分别增加16.27%~31.52%和7.27%~35.57%。氮肥和生物炭对根系特性,根干重和产量产生显著影响,在2019年和2020年,C8N150、C16N150、C24N150较C0N150的根长分别提升11.22%~51.18%和6.32%~46.17%;根表面积分别提升10.55%~46.38%和12.71%~56.47%;根体积分别提升21.08%~71.30%和17.34%~69.32%;根干重分别提升14.33%~55.73%和13.69%~82.32%以及产量分别提升10.70%~23.55%和4.77%~22.68%。综上,施炭量在24t/hm2时,N150对土壤有机质积累分布和根系的发育状况达到最理想状态,此项研究为生物炭增强植株氮素吸收,提升根系发育状况的同时减少氮素投入,减轻资源浪费提供了一种参考依据。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Abstract: Two field experiments were carried out to study the effects of biochar on soil nitrogen distribution, root nitrogen absorption and utilization, and yield formation with the maize ‘Xianyu 335’ in two years (2019-2020). A split-plot system in three replications was established to conduct the field trials. Three nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 150, 300 kg/hm2) were in the main plots, and four bio-char levels (0, 8, 16, 24t/hm2) were in the sub-plots. The results indicated that the bio-char supply significantly affected the soil bulk density and soil organic carbon content in the two years. Nitrogen fertilizer has insignificant effect on soil bulk density. Compared with C0N0, under the treatment of C8N0, C16N0 and C24N0, the soil bulk density within a soil layer of 0-15cm decreased by 5.28%~13.54% in 2019, and 0.56%~9.60% in 2020. The soil organic carbon content increased by 16.27%~31.52% in 2019, and 7.27%~35.57% in 2020. The nitrogen and bio-char supply significantly affected the root characteristics, root dry weight, and yield of spring maize in the two years. Compared with C0N150, under the treatment of C8N150, C16N150 and C24N150, the total root length increased by 11.22%~51.18% in 2019, and 6.32%~46.17% in 2020; the total root surface increased by 10.55%~46.38% in 2019, and 12.71%~56.47% in 2020; the total root volume increased by 21.08%~71.30% in 2019, and 17.34%~69.32% in 2020; the total root dry weight increased by 14.33%~55.73% in 2019, and 13.69%~ 82.32% in 2020; and total maize production increased by 10.70%~ 23.55% in 2019, and 4.77%~22.68% in 2020. In summary, at a bio-char application rate of 24t/hm2, N150 achieved the optimal state of soil organic matter accumulation and distribution, as well as root development. This study provides a reference basis for biochar to enhance plant nitrogen absorption, improve root development, and reduce nitrogen input while reducing resource waste.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项(2020CG0030);呼和浩特市科技计划项目(2020-农-1);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0003)内蒙古自治区高端外国专家引进项目(美国耐密宜机收春玉米品种引进及配套栽培技术研究);内蒙古草原英才个人项目;国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0300802);农业部华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站(25204120);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-63);内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室。