为探明玉米品种品质性状的演变趋势及在不同生态区间的差异，对2017-2022年参加国家玉米品种审定生产试验的667个品种的品质性状进行综合分析。结果表明，近年我国玉米品种容重平均为755.6 g/L，粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗淀粉、赖氨酸平均含量分别为10.12%、3.97%、73.90%、0.29%。随时间递进，容重呈增加趋势，年均增加1.67 g/L；粗脂肪、粗淀粉、赖氨酸增加趋势不显著，粗蛋白年均降低0.17%。聚类分析将我国10个生态区玉米品质性状分为3类，西南春玉米、东南春玉米、热带亚热带玉米生态区粗淀粉含量低，赖氨酸含量较高；东华北地区品种粗淀粉含量高，粗脂肪含量较低；黄淮海夏玉米、北方极早熟玉米区粗淀粉含量中等，粗蛋白、粗脂肪、赖氨酸含量均较高。不同生态区间品质性状的差异表明，加强不同生态区玉米优异种质资源融合，能提高我国玉米品种综合品质性状。

To explore the trends of maize variety quality traits over time and the differences among different ecological regions, the quality traits of 677 maize varieties from 10 ecological regions participating in the national maize variety approval and production trials from 2017 to 2022 were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that in recent years, the average bulk density of maize varieties in China was 755.6 g/L, with average contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude starch, and lysine being 10.12%, 3.97%, 73.9%, and 0.29%, respectively. Over time, bulk density showed an increasing trend with an annual increase of 1.67 g/L, while the trends in crude fat, crude starch, and lysine content were not significant, and crude protein decreased by an average of 0.17% per year. Cluster analysis categorized the quality traits of maize varieties in 10 ecological regions in China into three groups. Maize varieties from the Southwest Spring Maize, Southeast Spring Maize, and Tropical/Subtropical Maize ecological regions had low crude starch content but relatively high lysine content. Varieties from the Eastern and Northern China regions had high crude starch content but relatively low crude fat content. Varieties from the East Huang-Huai-Hai Summer Maize and Northern Extremely Early Mature Maize regions had moderate crude starch content, with relatively high crude protein, crude fat, and lysine contents. The differences in quality traits among different ecological regions indicate that strengthening the integration of excellent germplasm resources from different ecological regions can improve the overall quality traits of maize varieties in China.

S513.024

河南省重大公益专项(201300111100)、安阳市重点研发与推广专项(2023C01NY032)