河西走廊地区位于西北内陆灌溉玉米区东部，是玉米生产的黄金地带，但因收获劳动强度大、投入成本高，严重制约了区域玉米产业的发展和竞争力的提升。研究在酒泉市肃州区和武威市凉州区，选择典型合作社和周边农户为研究对象开展玉米生产和收获现状调研，发现机械粒收省时省工，增收945～1 545元/hm²。在肃州区和凉州区分别设置增密试验、采用机械粒收实际测产结果显示，与传统对照(7.5万株/hm²)相比，9.0万株/hm²和10.5万株/hm²处理分别增产8.61%和9.80%，收获子粒含水率大部分能降至25%以下，可以满足玉米粒收的技术需求。合理增加种植密度和推广粒收技术是推动当地玉米生产方式转型的重要措施。

The Hexi Corridor area, located in the eastern part of the Northwest irrigated maize zone, is a golden belt for maize production in China. However, the heavy labor intensity and high input costs associated with maize harvesting significantly constrain the development and competitiveness of maize production in this region. This study conducted surveys on representative agricultural cooperatives and their surrounding peasant households in Suzhou District(Jiuquan) and Liangzhou district(Wuwei) to assess the current situation of maize production and harvesting. As a result, it was found that grain mechanical harvesting is time-saving and less laborious, increasing an income of 945-1 545 CNY per hectare. Then, based on a series of experiments, the technology of close planting integrated with grain mechanical harvesting was demonstrated in Suzhou district and Liangzhou district, respectively. It is estimated that, in comparison with the conventional treatment of 75 000 plants/ha, a yield-increasing effect of 8.61% and 9.80% could be achieved by means of grain mechanical harvesting when the planting density is 90 000 plants/ha and 105 000 plants/ha; while the grain moisture content of mechanically harvested grain was mostly below 25%, meeting the technical requirements of maize grain mechanical harvesting. Thus, it is significant to spread the technology of close planting integrated with grain mechanical harvesting for upgrading maize production in Hexi Corridor area.

S513.047

甘肃省教育科技创新项目(2022A-125)、河西学院校长基金青年科研项目(QN2022002)