玉米瘤黑粉菌是一种活体营养型病原菌，可侵染玉米地上部分的任何器官并产生瘤状组织，导致玉米产量大量损失。作为成功侵染宿主的重要手段之一，效应蛋白在瘤黑粉菌的生长发育、致病力的提高、与宿主的互作及干扰或激活宿主免疫等方面具有重要作用。目前，效应蛋白的来源、组成和结构特征及其与宿主互作的机制等方面的理解尚不够系统和深入。在简要概述玉米瘤黑粉菌的基础上，综述瘤黑粉菌利用分泌效应蛋白促进瘤状组织的形成、拮抗宿主玉米的免疫反应、调控宿主代谢等功能和分子机制方面的研究进展，有助于更好地促进对其他活体营养型病原菌侵染植物机制的理解，从而为利用操控病原菌提高宿主抗性提供新的策略参考。

Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic fungal pathogen that can induce tumor formation on all types of aboveground organs of maize(Zea mays L.). As one of the powerful tools to invade host plants, the effector proteins secreted by U. maydis have been known to play important roles in the tumor production and development, enhancing pathogenicity, interaction with the host, and interfering host immunity. At present, it has not been fully and systemically understood about the origin of U. maydis effector proteins, their components and the structural features, as well as the mechanisms underlying their interaction with host. Following the brief introduction of U. maydis, this review summarizes the recent research progress in the functional and molecular mechanisms underlying the promotion of tumors, the interfering of maize immunity, the regulation of host metabolism by U. maydis effector proteins. It will prompt the better understanding of the mechanisms underlying other biotrophic pathogens invading host plants, thereby to provide strategical references for improving host immunity through manipulating the phytopathogens.

S435.131

江苏省种业振兴“揭榜挂帅”项目“玉米穗上多叶和抗逆性状基因挖掘及青贮专用玉米种质创新”(JBGS[2021]002)、国家重点研发计划战略性科技创新合作专项“中国-肯尼亚主要作物优异基因发掘、品种创新与现代生产技术示范”(2020YFE0202900)