全球气候变化导致的高温胁迫已成为威胁玉米生产的主要因素，尤其对热敏感的超甜玉米生殖期构成严峻挑战。为探明高温对其生殖器官的具体影响，本研究于2023-2024年采用完全随机区组设计，在拔节期至散粉期设置3个温度处理（CK: 25~28℃、T1: 31~34℃、T2: 35~38℃），系统评估高温对超甜玉米生殖器官的影响。结果表明：与对照（CK）相比，高温处理对雄穗分支数、雄穗分支长度、雄穗主穗长度、雄穗大小、雄穗小花数、雄穗小花长度和雄穗体积均有明显抑制作用，其中雄穗小花数受影响最大，降幅高达5.33%-38.87%；散粉持续时间、散粉总量分别下降9.09%~38.24%、13.38%~68.13%，花丝生长持续时间、花丝生长长度和花丝生长数量分别下降28.95%~40.00%、8.98%~58.87%和17.39%~39.43%；超微结构结果显示高温胁迫下的花粉严重脱水，表面出现严重褶皱及萌发孔凹陷，花粉活力明显下降。本研究明确了高温对超甜玉米生殖器官的多维度抑制效应，为耐高温品种选育与栽培调控提供了理论依据。

Abstract: The high-temperature stress caused by global climate change has become the main factor threatening corn production, especially posing a severe challenge to the reproductive period of heat-sensitive ultra-sweet corn. To clarify the specific impact of high temperature on its reproductive organs, this study adopted a completely randomized block design from 2023-2024 with three temperature treatments (CK: 25-28℃, T1: 31-34℃, T2: 35-38℃) from the jointing stage to the flour release stage, to systematically evaluate the effect of high temperature on the reproductive organs of ultra-sweet corn.The results showed that compared with the control (CK), high-temperature treatment had significant inhibitory effects on the number of male spike branches, the length of male spike branches, the length of male spike main spikes, the size of male spikes, the number of male spikes' florets, the length of male spikes' florets, and the volume of male spikes. Among them, the number of male spikes' florets was most affected, with a reduction of up to 5.33%-38.87%. The duration of loose powder and the total amount of loose powder decreased by 9.09% to 38.24% and 13.38% to 68.13% respectively, while the duration of filament growth, the length of filament growth and the number of filament growth decreased by 28.95% to 40.00%, 8.98% to 58.87% and 17.39% to 39.43% respectively. The ultrastructural results show that under high-temperature stress, pollen is severely dehydrated, with severe wrinkles on the surface and sunken germination pores, and pollen viability significantly decreases.This study clarified the multi-dimensional inhibitory effects of high temperature on the reproductive organs of ultra-sweet corn, providing a theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation regulation of high-temperature tolerant varieties.

安徽省高校自然科学研究重大项目(KJ2019ZD57) 安徽科技学院科研发展(FZ230126) 安徽省玉米良种联合攻关项目（2021AHMS01）