综合评价不同耕作模式对吉林省西部黑钙土区土壤肥力特征及玉米产量的影响，为确定试验区域内较理想的耕作制度提供理论依据。基于典型黑钙土区开展定位田间试验，设置连续旋耕（CR）、连续免耕（CN）、深翻-旋耕（PR）、深翻-免耕（PN）4个处理，测定分析了4种耕作模式下不同土壤剖面理化性状变化特征和玉米产量。结果表明：CR对0-20cm土层土壤速效养分存在较明显的影响，对20-40cm土层影响较小；PR对土壤容重、孔隙度、速效钾、有机质等指标的改善效果好于其他处理，该处理下玉米产量也最大；CN对土壤田间持水量、速效磷改善效果较好，和PN处理虽然有利于20-40cm土层土壤结构改善，但使表层土壤坚硬，不利于作物根系生长和水肥利用。不同处理下土壤温度差异较小，变化趋势一致；0-20cm土层土壤含水率受降水影响明显，CN处理下土壤含水率最高。研究发现，深翻-旋耕是试验区域内土壤理化性状和粮食产量方面较理想的耕作模式，可将深翻-旋耕耕作模式作为该区主要的农作模式进行推广。

To evaluate the effects of different tillage systems on soil fertility characteristics and maize yield in the western black calcareous soil area of Jilin Province, and to provide theoretical basis for determining the ideal tillage system in the experimental area, a field experiment was conducted in a typical black calcareous soil area. Four treatments were set up, including continuous rotary tillage (CR), continuous no-tillage (CN), deep plowing-rotary tillage (PR), and deep plowing-no-tillage (PN), and soil physical and chemical properties and maize yield were measured and analyzed under the four tillage systems. The results showed that CR had a significant impact on the availability of soluble nutrients in the 0-20cm soil layer, while the impact on the 20-40cm soil layer was relatively small; PR had better effects on soil bulk density, porosity, available potassium, and organic matter than other treatments, and the maize yield was the highest under this treatment; CN had better effects on soil field capacity and available phosphorus, and although PN treatment was beneficial for improving the structure of 20-40cm soil, it made the surface soil hard, which was not conducive to the growth of crop roots and the utilization of water and fertilizers. The differences in soil temperature among the different treatments were small and the trend was consistent; the water content of the 0-20cm soil layer was greatly affected by precipitation, and the highest water content was found in the CN treatment.The study found that PR tillage is a more ideal tillage pattern in terms of soil physical and chemical properties and grain yield in the experimental area, and it can be promoted as the main farming pattern in the area.

国家重点研发计划资助(2023YFD150110503)；吉林省农业关键核心技术示范推广(产业技术体系)项目(JARS-2024-0101)