针对甘肃河西灌区制种玉米种子生产氮肥投入过量、利用效率不高等问题，探究高质量玉米种子生产环节的最佳施氮量，旨在为甘肃河西灌区制种玉米高质量种子生产合理施氮量确定提供理论依据。2023-2024年在甘肃省农业科学院张掖节水试验站开展田间试验，试验设5个施氮量，分别为0、150、225、300、375 kg N·hm-2，记为N0、N150、N225、N300和N375，收获期测定制种玉米种子产量，母本地上部植株全氮含量，F1代发芽势、发芽率、电导率，计算氮收获指数、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率、氮肥表观利用率等指标，以评价各处理种子产量、氮素利用及种子活力差异。结果表明，随施氮量增加种子产量先增加后降低，两年平均最高产量被N300处理获得，7554.9 kg·hm-2；随施氮量增加，氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率、氮肥利用效率均降低，两年平均，N150 、N225、N300和 N375氮肥利用效率分别为34.4%、26.1%、25.9%和16.1%；两年平均，N150、N225、N300和N375籽粒氮累积量分别较N0提高48.1%、47.1%、56.8%和48.9%；秸秆氮累积量分别提高42.4%、57.0%、82.1%和58.6%，N300植株氮累积量显著高于N0和N150，施氮不影响氮收获指数；施氮不影响F1代发芽率，两年平均，F1代发芽率为94.9%，N150、N225、N300发芽势分别为85.1%、80.8%和80.0%，N300种子电导率值最小。综合考虑种子产量和活力，本试验条件下制种玉米种子生产最佳施氮量为300 kg·hm-2。

It is popular for hybrid seed maize production to input more and more nitrogen fertilizer and low fertilizer use efficiency in Hexi irrigation area of Gansu, we studied the effect of nitrogen application rates on seed yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency to provide theoretical basis for rational nitrogen application for hybrid seed maize production in Hexi irrigation area of Gansu. China. A field experiment carried out at Zhangye Water-saving Experimental Station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2023-2024, the experiment set up 5 nitrogen application rates, namely, 0、150、225、300、375 kg N·hm-2, noted as N0、N150、N225、N300 and N375, yield of seed, total nitrogen content of plant, germination potential, germination rate and electrical conductivity of F1 seed at maturity were investigated, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen partial productivity, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were calculated to evaluated the yield, nitrogen use efficiency and vigor of seed between treatments. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the seed yield increased first and then decreased, and the average maximum yield of the two years was obtained by N300 treatment, 7554.9 kg·hm-2; with the increase of nitrogen application rate, nitrogen partial factor productivity, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency decreased. The average nitrogen use efficiency of N150, N225, N300 and N375 was 34.4 %, 26.1 %, 25.9 % and 16.1 %, respectively. Nitrogen application increased the nitrogen concentration of grain and straw, and increased the nitrogen accumulation of grain and straw. The average over year，compared to N0, the grain nitrogen accumulation of N150、N225、N300 and N375 increased by 48.1%、47.1%、56.8% and 48.9%, respectively；the straw nitrogen accumulation increased by 42.4%、57.0%、82.1%和58.6%,respectively, the plant nitrogen accumulation of N300 was significantly higher than that of N0 and N150, nitrogen application rate did not affect the nitrogen harvest index. Nitrogen application did not affect F1 germination rate, the average value over two year was 94.9%. The seed germination potential of N150、N225、N300 was 85.1%、80.8% and 80.0%, respectively, and the seed electrical conductivity value of N300 was the lowest. Considering both seed yield and vigor, the optimum nitrogen application rate for seed maize seed production in our study was 300 kg·hm-2.

甘肃省农业科学院区域协同创新项目(2024GAAS01-3, 2024GAAS01-4)、甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2022GAAS37)