【目的】探究不同配方土壤改良剂对滨海盐渍土团聚体形成机制与水分保持功能的调控作用,为滨海盐碱区夏玉米田土壤改良提供科学支撑。【方法】2022-2023年在山东滨州进行田间试验。种植夏玉米,设对照组(CK,无改良剂)和三个处理组：T1(硅钙钾镁,1500 kg hm?2)、T2(硅钙钾镁-沸石,1500 kg hm?2)、T3(硅钙钾镁-PAM,1500 kg hm?2)。测定0-20 cm土层土壤容重、孔隙度、团聚体组成及水分特征。【结果】与CK相比：T1组S吐丝期容重降10.1%,孔隙度增7.2%；完熟期大团聚体比例增106.8%；吐丝期饱和含水量和田间持水量均提升13.1%。T2组吐丝期容重降9.8%,孔隙度增7.1%；完熟期大团聚体比例增107.2%；吐丝期饱和含水量和田间持水量分别提12.1%和11.7%。T3组吐丝期容重降9.1%,孔隙度增12.1%；吐丝期饱和含水量和田间持水量分别提10.7%和14.8%。【结论】三种改良剂均显著改善0-20 cm耕层土壤物理性质。其中,硅钙钾镁-PAM(T3)和硅钙钾镁-沸石(T2)复合剂在改良土壤团粒结构的同时,于吐丝期显著提升了0-40 cm土层持水能力,为作物生长创造了良好的水分供应状况。

【Objective】 To explore the regulatory effects of different soil conditioner formulations on the formation mechanism of aggregates and water retention function in coastal saline soil, and to provide scientific support for soil improvement in summer maize fields in coastal saline-alkali areas. 【Method】 Field trials were conducted in Binzhou, Shandong Province from 2022 to 2023. Summer maize was planted and a control group (CK, without improves) and three treatment groups were set up: T1 (silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium, 1500 kg hm?2), T2 (silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium - zeolite, 1500 kg hm?2), and T3 (silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium -PAM, 1500 kg hm?2). Determine the soil bulk density, porosity, aggregate composition and moisture characteristics of the 0-20 cm soil layer. 【Result】 Compared with CK: The bulk density during the filament spinning period in group T1 decreased by 10.1%, and the porosity increased by 7.2%. The proportion of large aggregates during the mature period increased by 106.8%. The saturated water content and field capacity during the silk spinning stage both increased by 13.1%. In group T2, the bulk density decreased by 9.8% and the porosity increased by 7.1% during the filament spinning period. The proportion of large aggregates at full maturity increased by 107.2%. The saturated water content and field capacity during the silk spinning period increased by 12.1% and 11.7% respectively. In group T3, the bulk density decreased by 9.1% and the porosity increased by 12.1% during the filament spinning period. The saturated water content and field capacity during the silk spinning period increased by 10.7% and 14.8% respectively. 【Conclusion】 All three improvers significantly improved the physical properties of the 0-20 cm plough layer soil. Among them, the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium PAM (T3) and silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite (T2) compound agents not only improved the soil aggregate structure but also significantly enhanced the water-holding capacity of the 0-40 cm soil layer during the silk production stage, creating a favorable water supply condition for crop growth.

本文由山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-08)和中国科学院科研项目资助