【目的】对比分析近25年新疆南北疆审定玉米品种的主要性状，以进一步提高南北疆玉米产量为目标，为玉米品种选育提供参考。【方法】搜集整理2000～2024年南北疆地区审定的312份普通玉米品种信息，分析玉米品种不同性状的变异系数、性状相关性、分布规律和演变规律。【结果】南北疆审定玉米的数量、性状相关性、分布频率和演变趋势均不同。南疆品种主要性状均与产量显著正相关，与种植密度负相关，各性状均随着年份的推进呈现增长趋势，南疆品种选育更注重个体生长潜力；北疆品种种植密度与产量极显著正相关，与其他性状均负相关，仅产量和种植密度随着年份推进呈增加趋势，说明北疆审定品种更注重发挥玉米群体优势。【结论】南疆应加大品种选育投入力度，可通过适当增加生育期天数提高单产，并探索通过合理密植增加产量。北疆品种选育应结合密植高产的高效栽培技术，进一步提高产量。

【Objective】This study aims to compare and analyze the main traits of approved maize varieties in northern and southern Xinjiang over the past 25 years, with the goal of further improving maize yield in both regions and providing references for maize breeding. 【Methods】Data from 312 approved conventional maize varieties in northern and southern Xinjiang from 2000 to 2024 were collected and analyzed for the coefficient of variation, trait correlations, distribution patterns, and evolutionary trends of different traits. 【Results】The number of approved varieties, trait correlations, distribution frequencies, and evolutionary trends differed between northern and southern Xinjiang. In southern Xinjiang, all major traits showed a significant positive correlation with yield but a negative correlation with planting density. Each trait exhibited an increasing trend over time, indicating that breeding efforts in southern Xinjiang focus more on maximizing individual growth potential. In northern Xinjiang, planting density showed a highly significant positive correlation with yield but a negative correlation with other traits. Only yield and planting density increased over the years, suggesting that approved varieties in northern Xinjiang prioritize exploiting the advantages of population density. 【Conclusion】Southern Xinjiang should increase investment in variety breeding, potentially extending the growth period to improve yield per unit area, while exploring rational dense planting to boost production. In northern Xinjiang, breeding efforts should integrate high-efficiency cultivation techniques for dense planting and high yield to further enhance productivity.

绿洲灌区小麦、玉米大面积单产提升技术与集成示范(2024YFD2300203-9);新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2024SNGGNT086)