为探索秸秆覆盖对半湿润区玉米发育、水分利用和产量的影响及其作用机制，本研究设置秸秆离田与秸秆覆盖还田2种秸秆处理方式，选用富民985和翔玉218作为供试材料，共设置4个处理，分析不同处理下玉米生长发育、叶片光合特性、水分利用、及产量的变化。结果表明，在半湿润区雨养条件下自然降水适中的年份（2023年），与秸秆离田处理相比，秸秆覆盖还田处理的玉米叶片光合作用能力增强，玉米叶面积指数、干物质积累、叶片碳氮代谢相关酶活性及根系伤流强度，伤流液中细胞分裂素、生长素含量增加，伤流液中脱落酸含量下降，从而提高玉米产量和水分利用效率。而自然降水较多的年份（2024年），秸秆覆盖还田处理表现出与自然降水适中年份相反的变化趋势。

To investigate the effects of straw mulching on the development, water use, and yield of maize in semi-humid regions, as well as its underlying mechanisms, this study employed two straw management treatments: straw removal and straw mulching. The varieties Fumin 985 and Xiangyu 218 were selected as experimental materials, with a total of four treatments set up. Changes in corn growth and development, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, water use, soil temperature, and yield were analysed under different treatments. The results showed that in the semi-humid region under rain-fed conditions with moderate natural precipitation (2023), compared with the straw removal treatment, the straw mulching treatment enhanced corn leaf photosynthetic capacity, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, enzyme activity related to leaf carbon-nitrogen metabolism, and root exudation intensity, thereby increasing corn yield and water use efficiency. However, in years with abundant natural precipitation (2024), the straw mulching treatment exhibited the opposite trend compared to years with moderate natural precipitation.

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD230170102)、吉林省科技发展计划项目(20240303026NC)、吉林省现代农业产业技术体系(JALRS-2025-010314)、吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2024RCY010)