西南地区玉米骨干自交系具有强抗逆性和高配合力，是保障当地玉米产业稳定发展的关键遗传资源，在玉米育种实践中被广泛用于组配杂交种。为了评价西南地区玉米骨干自交系杂交种的抗病性和农艺性状，本研究对79份西南地区玉米骨干自交系组配的杂交种，在云南省西双版纳和四川省成都两个地点进行玉米主要病害的田间抗性评价及农艺性状调查。通过变异系数赋权法进行综合评分，筛选出杂交组合成自6211×DT297、SH1070×SCML0849、SH1070×DT297、08-641×Znc-442、ZHF141×ST32为西双版纳优势材料，杂交组合SH1070×ST32、Mo17×Znc-442、SD375×ST32为成都优势材料。以上结果表明，玉米在不同生态环境下的抗病性和农艺性状均有显著差异，这对西南地区玉米抗病育种以及优良种质资源挖掘提供了重要参考。

Elite maize inbred lines from Southwest China possess strong stress resistance and high combining ability, making them become key genetic resources for the stable development of the local maize industry. Elite maize inbred lines are widely used for assembling hybrids in maize breeding practice. In order to evaluate the disease resistance and agronomic traits of hybrids derived from these elite inbred lines, this study assessed the field resistance of major maize diseases and investigated agronomic traits of 79 hybrids in two field trial plots (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan and Chengdu, Sichuan). Comprehensive scoring was performed using the coefficient of variation weighting method. The hybrid combinations Chengzi6211×DT297, SH1070×SCML0849, SH1070×DT297, 08-641×Znc-442 and ZHF141×ST32 were identified as superior materials in Xishuangbanna, while SH1070×ST32, Mo17×Znc-442, and SD375×ST32 were identified as superior materials in Chengdu. These results demonstrate significant differences in disease resistance and agronomic traits of maize under different ecological environments. This provides important references for disease-resistant maize breeding and the exploration of elite germplasm resources in Southwest China.

四川省自然科学“基于IBD和转录组分析的西南玉米白斑病抗性候选基因挖掘(2024NSFSC1208)；四川省农科院“1+9”揭榜挂帅攻关项目(1+9KJGG002)；四川省财政自主创新专项“玉米纹枯病和灰斑病抗性主效QTL定位”(2022ZZCX002)。