为探明黄淮海鲜食糯玉米品种的特征特性及演变规律，本研究以2015-2023年黄淮海鲜食糯玉米区域试验品种为材料，利用主成分分析等方法对9年区试数据进行综合分析评价。结果表明，品质分析皮渣率变异系数最高，为22.6%；皮渣率、粗淀粉含量、品尝品质总分逐年呈上升趋势；支链淀粉占总淀粉含量增加不显著。农艺性状分析倒伏倒折率的变异系数最高，空秆率、秃尖长次之，分别为138.6%、71.7 %、60.6%。相关性分析鲜果穗产量与穗粗、穗长、行粒数、鲜百粒重、皮渣率呈极显著正相关。主成分分析取前5个主成分，特征值均大于1，累计贡献率79.5%。审定品种产量、抗病和品质分析发现，审定品种和参试品种平均产量分别为12574.0kg/hm2和12559.7kg/hm2；小斑病、瘤黑粉病、丝黑穗病方面没有高抗品种，矮花叶病和瘤黑粉病的高感品种较多，不同病害中均有抗病较好的品种；审定品种的主要品质性状优于参试品种，品质好且产量在前十的品种仅有1个。综合本研究结果，对鲜食糯玉米品种选育要平衡产量与品质、抗倒性、抗病性等农艺性状的关系。

To elucidate the characteristic traits and evolutionary patterns of fresh waxy maize varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, this study utilized data from regional test conducted between 2015 and 2023, involving trial varieties from this region. A comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the nine-year regional trial data were performed using principal component analysis and other methods. The results showed that the coefficient of variation for the quality analysis of residue ratio was the highest, at 22.6%.The overall trend of residue ratio, crude starch , and Total taste quality is on the rise,while percentage of amylopectin in total starch is not significant.Analysis of agronomic traits showed that the folding and lodging rate had the highest CV (138.6%), followed by empty stalk rate (71.7%) and bald tip length (60.6%). Correlation analysis indicated that fresh ear yield was highly significantly positively correlated with ear diameter, ear length, kernel number per row, fresh 100-kernel weight, and residue rate. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted five principal (eigenvalues >1) , collectively explaining 79.5% of cumulative variance. Analysis of yield, disease resistance, and quality of approved varieties revealed that the average yields of the approved and tested varieties were 12574.0kg/ha and 12559.7kg/ha, respectively.There were no highly resistant varieties to southern leaf blight, head smut, and ustilago.There were more highly susceptible varieties to dwarf mosaic disease and smut smut disease, and there were varieties with good disease resistance among different diseases.The main quality traits of the approved varieties are better than those of the tested varieties, and there is only one variety with good quality and yield in the top ten. Based on the results of this study, the selection of fresh waxy maize varieties should balance the relationship between yield and quality, disease resistance, lodging resistance, and other agronomic traits.

安阳市重点研发与推广项目(2023C01NY032)