秸秆还田是秸秆资源有效利用的重要方式, 有利于改善农田土壤环境, 提高土壤养分含量, 减少化肥使用, 促进作物增产, 对农业可持续发展具有重要意义。为探索吉林省西部半干旱区适宜的玉米秸秆还田模式，为研究对象于2020-2021年依托吉林省农业科学院白城市保护性耕作研究基地开展研究，设置秸秆离田、秸秆覆盖还田、秸秆碎混还田和秸秆深翻还田4个处理，探究不同秸秆还田方式对玉米生长发育及产量的影响。研究结果显示，从苗期到拔节期，所有秸秆还田处理玉米生长均慢于秸秆离田处理，而从大喇叭口期到成熟期秸秆还田处理玉米生长均快于秸秆离田处理。与秸秆离田相比，秸秆深翻还田在大喇叭口期到抽雄吐丝期株高、茎粗和干物质显著增加5.6%、10.1%、产量与秸秆离田种植方式相比，不同还田方式间增产效果差异明显，其中秸秆深翻还田处理增产效果最佳，增产幅度达7.7%，而秸秆覆盖与碎混还田处理的增产幅度不明显，增产幅度分别为2.0%和3.9%。综上所述，建议在吉林省半干旱区推广应用玉米秸秆深翻还田方式，可以实现秸秆还田条件下玉米增产稳产。

Straw returning is an important way of effective utilization of straw resources, which is conducive to improving farmland soil environment, increasing soil nutrient content, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, promoting crop yield, and is of great significance to the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to explore the suitable corn straw returning mode in the semi-arid area of western Jilin Province, the research was carried out based on the conservation tillage research base of Baicheng City, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2020 to 2021. Four treatments were set up to explore the effects of different straw returning methods on the growth and yield of corn. The results showed that from seedling stage to jointing stage, the growth of maize in all straw returning treatments was slower than that in straw leaving treatment, while from big bell stage to mature stage, the growth of maize in straw returning treatment was faster than that in straw leaving treatment. Compared with the straw leaving field, the plant height, stem diameter and dry matter of straw deep tillage returning to the field increased significantly by 5.6 % and 10.1 % from the large bell stage to the tasseling and silking stage. Compared with the straw leaving field planting method, the yield increase effect of different returning methods was significantly different. Among them, the straw buried returning treatment had the best yield increase effect, with a yield increase of 7.7 %, while the yield increase of straw mulching and powder rake returning treatment was not obvious, with a yield increase of 2.0 % and 3.9 %, respectively. In summary, it is recommended to promote the application of corn straw returning to the field in the semi-arid area of Jilin Province, which can increase the yield of corn under the condition of straw returning to the field.

国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500105)、(2023YFD2301705)