秸秆还田是培肥土壤、保障黑土资源可持续利用的重要措施。为探索吉林省西部半干旱区适宜淡黑钙土土壤的玉米秸秆还田模式，于2020-2021年依托吉林省农业科学院白城市保护性耕作研究基地开展研究，以淡黑钙土为研究对象，设置秸秆离田、秸秆覆盖还田、秸秆碎混还田和秸秆深翻还田4个处理，探究不同秸秆还田方式对土壤理化性质和玉米产量的影响。研究结果显示，与秸秆离田相比，碎混和深翻还田降低耕层土壤容重，降幅分别为1.5%-4.3%和0.7%-4.6%；覆盖还田的保水效果显著，土壤含水率增加5.7%-13.3%；与秸秆离田相比，3种秸秆还田方式土壤有机质含量均在秸秆还田土层显著提升，覆盖还田在0-10 cm土层提升10.9%，碎混还田在10-20 cm土层提升10.5%，深翻还田在20-30 cm土层提升7.8%。秸秆还田提升土壤速效养分含量，其中秸秆深翻还田提升效果最好，土壤碱解氮平均提升9.1%、速效磷平均提升12.5%、速效钾平均提升8.3%。综合来看，吉林省西部半干旱区秸秆深翻还田更有利于改善淡黑钙土土壤理化性质和土壤肥力提升。

Straw returning is an important measure to improve soil fertility and ensure the sustainable utilization of black soil resources. In order to explore the maize straw returning mode suitable for light chernozem soil in the semi-arid area of western Jilin Province, the research was carried out based on the conservation tillage research base of Baicheng City, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2020 to 2021. The light chernozem was taken as the research object, and four treatments were set up, including straw leaving field, straw mulching returning field, straw crushing and mixing returning field and straw deep tillage returning field, to explore the effects of different straw returning methods on soil physical and chemical properties and maize yield. The results showed that compared with the straw leaving field, the soil bulk density of the plough layer was reduced by 1.5 % -4.3 % and 0.7 % -4.6 %, respectively. The water retention effect of mulching was significant, and the soil moisture content increased by 5.7 % -13.3 %.Compared with the straw leaving field, the soil organic matter content of the three straw returning methods was significantly increased in the straw returning soil layer. The mulching returning increased by 10.9 % in the 0-10 cm soil layer, the broken mixing returning increased by 10.5 % in the 10-20 cm soil layer, and the deep tillage returning increased by 7.8 % in the 20-30 cm soil layer. Straw returning improved soil available nutrient content, among which straw deep tillage returning had the best improvement effect, with an average increase of 9.1 % in soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, 12.5 % in available phosphorus and 8.3 % in available potassium. In general, straw deep tillage and returning to the field in the semi-arid area of western Jilin Province is more conducive to improving the physical and chemical properties of light chernozem soil and improving soil fertility.

国家重点研发计划“松嫩平原春玉米规模化生产增效及产业化技术研发与集成示范”(2023YFD2301705)