灌溉对于维持制种玉米产量与种子活力至关重要。为了更好地了解灌溉策略对制种玉米生产的影响，研究了细流沟灌与膜下滴灌条件下不同灌溉量对制种玉米产量、F1代种子特征及其萌发特性的影响。制种玉米母本试验设置了细流沟灌7200（T1）、4800（T2）m3/hm2和膜下滴灌6000（D1）、4800（D2）、3600（D3）、2400（D4） m3/hm2 6个灌溉处理，调查其不同灌溉策略下制种玉米的产量和种子特征；并对F1代种子进行发芽试验，调查其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数及发芽后根长等指标。结果表明:（1）膜下滴灌更有利制种玉米产量提高与种子质量提升；在相同灌溉量下，膜下滴灌的产量、种子平均直径及F1代的发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗干重和根长均显著高于细流沟灌。（2）膜下滴灌下D2的千粒重、产量及种子平均直径均显著高于D3、D4；较D3和D4显著改善了F1代萌发指标，其中发芽率提高11.56%-32.74%，发芽指数提高26.02%-54.64%，活力指数提高34.22%-109.76%。（3）D2较TI的F1代的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别提高了17.16%、29.46%和59.90%。（4）D1在千粒重、产量、种子平均直径、色度略高于D2，但其种子发芽指数、活力指数和根长显著降低，较D2分别平均降低18.00%、32.41%和17.41%。综上所述，合理的灌溉更有利于制种玉米产量和F1代种子质量提高，但不合理的灌溉会降低了制种玉米产量及其质量；在本研究条件下膜下滴灌4800 m3/hm2（D2）为最佳的灌溉策略。

Irrigation is crucial for maintaining high yield and seed vigor in maize production. To understand the effects of irrigation strategies on seed maize, this study evaluated different water application levels using trickle furrow irrigation and drip irrigation under mulch. The female parent received six treatments: trickle furrow irrigation at 7200 (T1) and 4800 (T2) m3/hm2, and drip irrigation under mulch at 6000 (D1), 4800 (D2), 3600 (D3), and 2400 (D4) m3/hm2. We measured yield and seed traits for each treatment and performed germination tests on F1 F1generation seeds to determine germination rate, germination energy, germination index, vigor index, and root length. The results showed that: (1) drip irrigation under mulch outperformed TI in improving yield and seed quality. At the same water volume, drip irrigation under mulch significantly higher than yield, average seed diameter, germination index, vigor index, seedling dry weight, and root length. (2) Among drip irrigation under mulch treatments, D2 resulted in significantly higher thousand-kernel weight, yield, and average seed diameter than D3 and D4. It also enhanced F1 germination performance, raising germination rate by 11.56%–32.74%, germination index by 26.02%–54.64%, and vigor index by 34.22%–109.76%. (3) Compared with T1, D2 increased F1 germination rate, germination index, and vigor index by 17.16%, 29.46%, and 59.90%, respectively. (4) Although D1 had slightly higher thousand-kernel weight, yield, average seed diameter, and color intensity than D2, it significantly reduced germination index, vigor index, and root length—by 18.00%, 32.41%, and 17.41% on average, respectively. In conclusion, rational irrigation practices improve seed maize yield and F1 generation seed quality, whereas inappropriate methods or over-irrigation can reduce performance. Under this study’s conditions, drip irrigation under mulch at 4800 m3/hm2 (D2) was determined to be the optimal irrigation strategy.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(32360444)；新疆维吾尔自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJ2025G252)；伊犁州重点研究与技术开发专项(YZD2024A02)；新疆维吾尔自治区大学生创新创业计划(S202510764048)。